Controversial Issues in Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Structures

There are numerous parameters and assumptions that relate to seismic design of liquid-containing structures. Many of these parameters and assumptions require a mixture of science and engineering judgment to arrive at reasonable results. However, there are often differing opinions regarding the appropriate assumptions and appropriate design parameters to apply. This paper summarizes some topics that continue to generate a variety of opinions as to validity of approach. The intent of this paper is not to provide all of the answers, but rather to generate further discussion of these topics. Much of the discussion in this paper is related to seismic design of concrete liquid-containing structures, as defined in ACI 350.3-06. However, many of the topics will also apply to seismic design of other types of liquid-containing structures.