The Three-Dimensional Slope Stability Analysis: Recent Advances and a Forward Look

Great progress has been made in developing three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis methods based on the `method of columns' since Duncan summarized the main research outcomes in this area. In the limit equilibrium framework, Chen et al. presented an extension of the 2D Spencer's method that satisfies the force equilibrium conditions in all the three co-ordinates and the moment equilibrium condition in the main axis of rotation. In the upper-bound limit analysis area, Chen et al. gave a generalized approach that is actually an extension of the 2D Sarma's method. Firstly, this paper presents recent advances in 3D slope stability and a number of case studies that have solved the key slope stability issues in China's hydropower projects. Secondly, recent advances in development/refinement of 3D slope stability analysis methods are reviewed and summarized in this paper. Finally, a forward look is highlighted at the end of the paper, including an overview of further works that are needed for more research and a few geotechnical engineering areas in which the use of 3D stability analysis could be promising.