Effect on Area Traffic Management Scheme on Fuel Consumption — Simulation Analysis of Singapore's ERP Measures

Road pricing has been promoted by transport economists for decades as a useful tool of solving congestion problems. A number of field studies have been reported in the literature to analyze the effect of the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), One limitation of field studies is that it is time-consuming and expensive. This paper develops a traffic simulation-based evaluation methodology to evaluate the ERP scheme's affect on the user's traveling time and fuel consumption. A numerical example based on the road network of a town in Singapore is presented to illustrate the working the proposed methodology. The findings suggest that the proposed traffic simulation-based evaluation methodology offers a useful procedure for evaluating the effect of ERP.