Chapter
Apr 26, 2012
Preventing Alkali-Silica Reaction
Authors: L. J. Malvar, G. D. Cline, and D. F. BurkeAuthor Affiliations
Publication: Airfield Pavements: Challenges and New Technologies
Abstract
Alkali silica reaction (ASR) mitigation techniques from various states in the United States, and from various countries and international organizations, were assessed and summarized. A set of recommended mitigation procedures was developed, which requires not only the use of low alkali cement, but replacement of part of it by Class F fly ash (or Class N pozzolan) (25% to 40% by weight), or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) Grade 100 or 120 (40% to 50% by weight), or a combination of both. The Class F fly ash (or Class N pozzolan) should also have a maximum of 1.5% available alkali, a maximum 6% loss on ignition, and a maximum of 8% CaO (lime). Some recent applications following these guidelines are presented. In addition to mitigating ASR, these recommendations are expected to: (1) reduce concrete costs, (2) enhance the durability of concrete, (3) increase fly ash and GGBFS recycling, and (4) support the 1997 Kyoto protocol by significantly reducing CO2 production. If 25% of all cement were to be replaced (in addition to current replacements), total yearly savings to the United States economy could be in excess of $1 billion.
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© 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Published online: Apr 26, 2012
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L. J. Malvar
Research Civil Engineer, NFESC, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043
G. D. Cline
Civil Engineer, NFESC, 1100 23rd Avenue, Port Hueneme, CA 93043
D. F. Burke
Materials Research Eng., NFESC, 1100 23rd Avenue, Port Hueneme, CA 93043
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