Development of Kaoping River Basin Management Strategies Based on Calculated Carrying Capacity
Publication: Watershed Management
Abstract
The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, NPS pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The, current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. The calculated daily Escherichia Coliform (E. Coli) loadings to Kaoping River are 1.18 x 1016 colony forming unit (CFU). However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are only 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. The calculated E. Coli carrying capacity is only 4.81 x 1015 CFU per day. Thus, the current BOD, NH3-N, TP, and E. Coli loadings are almost 2.7, 9.4, 8.5, and 7.3 times higher than the calculated carrying capacities, respectively. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategies are proposed. The proposed strategies include the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity: (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be significantly reduced.
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Copyright
© 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 26, 2012
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Basins
- Bodies of water (by type)
- Buildings
- Environmental engineering
- Foundation design
- Foundations
- Geotechnical engineering
- High-rise buildings
- Industrial wastes
- Load bearing capacity
- Municipal wastewater
- Pollutants
- Pollution
- River engineering
- Rivers and streams
- Solid wastes
- Structural engineering
- Structures (by type)
- Wastes
- Wastewater management
- Water and water resources
- Water management
- Water pollution
- Water quality
- Water treatment
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