Effect of User Demand on Water Quality and Hydraulics of Distribution Systems
Publication: World Water & Environmental Resources Congress 2003
Abstract
The effect of variable demands on pressure and water quality in a water distribution system is presented. An analytical solution for the branched system and a probabilistic model for a looped system are described. The study was done for both steady and unsteady flow situations. The analytical solution for branched systems is derived using the concepts of hydraulics and probability. The analytical solution can give the mean and variance of pressure and water quality with a known changing demand. The Monte Carlo analysis was developed using Monte Carlo analysis and the simulation program EPANET. It was demonstrated on the municipal water distribution system of Milford, Ohio. The variations of demands are assumed to be uniformly distribution. In the steady flow case, when the demands are uniform, it was found that pressure is uniformly distributed; with Gaussian demands, pressure is a "spiked" Gaussian. In unsteady flow, with demands changing uniformly, pressure is pseudo-normally distributed and travel time of contaminant is an unidentified distribution. With Gaussian demands, pressure is Gaussian. In the Monte Carlo generation of demands, however, some negative demands will be generated. When these negative Gaussian demands are set to zero, the pressure is a "spiked" Gaussian distribution. The means of pressure and travel time can be estimated by calculating pressure and travel time with mean demands and the variance by using probabilistic theory with multiple simulations to get the needed derivatives. These results can be useful to distribution system managers when trying to make decisions regarding the amount of time and money to spend on quantifying demand values to meet pressure and water quality objectives.
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© 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 26, 2012
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Gaussian process
- Hydraulic engineering
- Hydraulic pressure
- Hydraulic properties
- Infrastructure
- Mathematics
- Pipeline systems
- Pipes
- Pressure (type)
- Pressure distribution
- Pressure pipes
- Probability
- Solid mechanics
- Stochastic processes
- Water and water resources
- Water demand
- Water management
- Water pressure
- Water quality
- Water supply
- Water supply systems
- Water treatment
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