Space Applications of Surplus Ballistic Missiles

The decommissioning of U.S. ICBMs presents the space launch community with a unique opportunity. Over 400 Minuteman missiles are currently in storage, and the Air Force is already working to refurbish these assets for suborbital launchers. Orbital versions could place over 300 kg in low orbit at low cost, but the 1994 National Space Transportation Policy (NSTP) severely limits this option. The high costs and questionable reliability of today's commercial small launchers dictate a revision of that policy. Payloads suitable for ICBM-based launchers include communications, military, and science satellites. These launchers could also give the military a capability it currently lacks by facilitating rapid launch on demand during during a crisis. Finally, by expanding the uses for lightsats, such use may create a larger market for commercial vehicle builders over the long run. The United States should not waste the assets built up in its missile programs. It should allow use of ICBMs to provide access to orbit until the commercial companies can offer routine, affordable alternatives.