Suction Removal of Sediment from between Armor Blocks. III: Breaking Waves
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 9
Abstract
When a sediment beach covered by stones or an armor layer is exposed to breaking waves, the turbulence generated by the breaking waves can cause mobilization and removal of the sediment underneath the stones. In two earlier studies by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-group, the suction removal of sediments from between armor blocks has dealt with the case of steady current and nonbreaking waves. The present study is an extension of these studies and the results will be presented in a similar way. The critical conditions for removal of sediment are determined. It is found that the onset of removal of sediment is governed by three parameters: (1) the sediment mobility (based on the sediment size, wave height, and wave period), (2) the ratio between the sediment size and the stone size, , and (3) surf similarity parameter, . The variation of the critical mobility number for removal of sediment as function of and is determined for the range and . The experiments were made on , , and slopes. Spilling, plunging, and surging breakers were used in the experiments. Both one and two layers of armor stones and rectangular blocks were studied.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Cox, D. T., and Kobayashi, N. (2000). “Identification of intense, intermittent coherent motions under shoaling and breaking waves.” J. Geophys. Res., 105(C6), 14223–14236.
Deigaard, R., Fredsøe, J., and Mikkelsen, M. B. (1991). “Measurements of the bed shear stress in a surf zone.” Progress Rep., Institute of Hydrodynamic and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark, 21–30.
Dixen, F. H., Sumer, B. M., and Fredsøe, J. (2008). “Suction removal of sediment from between armor blocks. II: Waves.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 134(10), 1405–1420.
Fredsøe, J., and Deigaard, R. (1992). Mechanics of coastal sediment transport, 1st Ed., World Scientific, Singapore.
Fredsøe, J., and Sumer, B. M. (1997). “Scour at the round head of a rubble-mound breakwater.” Coastal Eng., 29(3–4), 231–262.
Hughes, S. A., and Kamphius, J. W. (1996). “Scour at coastal inlet structures.” Proc., 25th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, Reston, VA, 175(2), 2258–2271.
Hughes, S. A., and Schwichtenberg, B. R. (1998). “Current-induced scour along a breakwater at Ventura Harbor, CA—Experimental study.” Coastal Eng., 34(1–2), 1–22.
Klomp, W. H. G., and Tonda, P. L. (1995). “Pipeline cover stability.” Proc., 5th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., Int. Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Hague, Netherlands, 15–22.
Melville, B., Parola, A. C., and Coleman, S. E. (2008). “Bridge-scour prevention and countermeasures.” Chapter 11, Sedimentation engineering—Processes, measurements, modelling, and practice, ASCE, Reston, VA, 543–578.
Ming, D., and Chiew, Y.-M. (2000). “Shoreline changes behind detached breakwater.” J. Waterway. Port. Coastal. Ocean Eng., 126(2), 63–70.
Morang, A. (2003). Coastal engineering manual, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Nadaoka, K., Hino, M., and Koyano, Y. (1989). “Structure of the turbulent flow field under breaking waves in the surf zone.” J. Fluid Mech., 204, 359–387.
Nadaoka, K., Ueno, S., and Igarashi, T. (1988). “Sediment suspension due to large scale eddies in the surf zone.” 21st Coastal Engineering Conf., ASCE, Costa del Sol, Malaga, Spain, 1646–1660.
Oumeraci, H. (1994). “Multi-disciplinary research experience in Europe on vertical breakwaters.” Proc., Int. Workshop on Wave Barriers in Deepwaters, Port and Harbour Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan, 267–278.
Raudkivi, A. J., and Ettema, R. (1985). “Scour at cylindrical bridge piers in armored beds.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 111(4), 713–731.
Sumer, B. M. et al. (2005). “Local scour at roundhead and along the trunk of low crested structures.” Coastal Eng., 52(10–11), 995–1025.
Sumer, B. M., Cokgor, S., and Fredsøe, J. (2001). “Suction removal of sediment from between armor blocks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 127(4), 293–306.
Sumer, B. M., and Fredsøe, J. (2002). The mechanics of scour in the marine environment, 1st Ed., World Scientific, Singapore.
Van der Meer, J. W. (1993). “Conceptual design of rubble mound breakwaters.” Publication No. 483, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, Netherlands.
Whitehouse, R. (1998). Scour at marine structures, Thomas Telford Services, London.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 9 • September 2012
Pages: 803 - 811
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 15, 2011
Accepted: Mar 16, 2012
Published online: Mar 20, 2012
Published in print: Sep 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.