Data-Driven Flexural Stiffness Model of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 26, Issue 3
Abstract
Predicting the nominal axial capacity of slender fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete (RC) columns is dependent majorly on their flexural stiffness. However, the current design provisions do not incorporate design equations to estimate the flexural stiffness of slender FRP-RC columns yet due to the limited research work on this aspect. Although limited research studies proposed flexural stiffness models for slender FRP-RC columns, these models show inaccurate results with large discrepancies. This study, therefore, compiles and analyzes a surveyed database of 53 tested slender FRP-RC columns found in the literature to construct a simplified and accurate model to predict the flexural stiffness of the slender FRP-RC columns. In this approach, the experimental-based flexural stiffness values of the tested specimens were used to build a nonlinear regression flexural stiffness model and examine the influence of the critical design parameters affecting this value. As a result, the proposed model showed a strong agreement with the experimental flexural stiffness values evidenced by having the least root mean square error (RMSE) compared to the other proposed models in the literature. Moreover, the proposed model was theoretically evaluated accounting for the second-moment order effect by which a data set of 36,000 cases were generated and compared to the results of the proposed model to increase its creditability and repeatability. Moreover, a design example was presented to quantify the difference in predicting the flexural stiffness of the slender FRP-RC columns between the proposed and available models. Accordingly, the proposed model revealed better representation of the flexural stiffness with higher accuracy compared to the available models which will help the engineers to accurately design the FRP-RC columns.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abdelazim, W., H. M. Mohamed, M. Z. Afifi, and B. Benmokrane. 2020. “Proposed slenderness limit for glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete columns based on experiments and buckling analysis.” ACI Struct. J. 117 (1): 241–254. https://doi.org/10.14359/51718073.
Abdelazim, W., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2021. “Proposed flexural stiffness of slender concrete columns reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 118 (1): 227–240. https://doi.org/10.14359/51718073.
ACI. 2015. Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars. ACI 440.1R-15. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI. 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-19) and commentary. ACI 318R-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Afifi, M. Z., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2014. “Axial capacity of circular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (1): 04013017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000438.
Alajarmeh, O., A. Manalo, B. Benmokrane, W. Ferdous, A. Mohammed, R. Abousnina, M. Elchalakani, and A. Edoo. 2020a. “Behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with hollow composite sections and GFRP bars.” Mar. Struct. 72: 102785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2020.102785.
Alajarmeh, O. S., A. C. Manalo, B. Benmokrane, W. Karunasena, and P. Mendis. 2019a. “Axial performance of hollow concrete columns reinforced with GFRP composite bars with different reinforcement ratios.” Compos. Struct. 213: 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.096.
AlAjarmeh, O. S., A. C. Manalo, B. Benmokrane, W. Karunasena, and P. Mendis. 2020b. “Effect of spiral spacing and concrete strength on behavior of GFRP-reinforced hollow concrete columns.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (1): 04019054. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000987.
AlAjarmeh, O. S., A. C. Manalo, B. Benmokrane, W. Karunasena, P. Mendis, and K. T. Q. Nguyen. 2019b. “Compressive behavior of axially loaded circular hollow concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals.” Constr. Build. Mater. 194: 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.016.
ASCE. (2021). ASCE’s 2021 infrastructure report card|GPA: C. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Barua, S., K. Mahmoud, and E. El-Salakawy. 2021. “Slender GFRP-RC circular columns under concentric, eccentric, and flexural loads: Experimental investigation.” J. Bridge Eng. 26 (7): 04021033. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001729.
Choo, C. C., I. E. Harik, and H. Gesund. 2006. “Strength of rectangular concrete columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (3): 452.
CSA (Canadian Standard Association). 2012. Design and construction of building components with fiber reinforced polymers. CAN/CSAS 806-12. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
De Luca, A., F. Matta, and A. Nanni. 2010. “Behavior of full-scale glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete columns under axial load.” ACI Struct. J. 107 (5): 589.
Elmesalami, N., F. Abed, and A. E. Refai. 2021. “Concrete columns reinforced with GFRP and BFRP bars under concentric and eccentric loads: Experimental testing and analytical investigation.” J. Compos. Constr. 25 (2): 04021003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001115.
Guérin, M., H. M. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, A. Nanni, and C. K. Shield. 2018a. “Eccentric behavior of full-scale reinforced concrete columns with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars and ties.” ACI Struct. J. 115 (2): 489–499. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701107.
Guérin, M., H. M. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, C. K. Shield, and A. Nanni. 2018b. “Effect of glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement ratio on the axial–flexural strength of reinforced concrete columns.” ACI Struct. J. 115 (4): 1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701279.
Hadhood, A., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2017a. “Axial load–moment interaction diagram of circular concrete columns reinforced with CFRP bars and spirals: Experimental and theoretical investigations.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (2): 04016092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000748.
Hadhood, A., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2017b. “Experimental study of circular high-strength concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals under concentric and eccentric loading.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (2): 04016078. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000734.
Hadi, M. N. S., H. A. Hasan, and M. N. Sheikh. 2017. “Experimental investigation of circular high-strength concrete columns reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars and helices under different loading conditions.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (4): 04017005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000784.
Hadi, M. N. S., H. Karim, and M. N. Sheikh. 2016. “Experimental investigations on circular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and helices under different loading conditions.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (4): 04016009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000670.
Jawaheri, H., and A. Nanni. 2017. “Flexural stiffness and second-order effects in FRP-RC frames.” ACI Struct. J. 114 (2): 533–543.
Khorramian, K., and P. Sadeghian. 2017. “Experimental and analytical behavior of short concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars under eccentric loading.” Eng. Struct. 151: 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.064.
Khorramian, K., and P. Sadeghian. 2020. “Experimental investigation of short and slender rectangular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars under eccentric axial loads.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (6): 04020072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001088.
Khuntia, M., and S. K. Ghosh. 2004. “Flexural stiffness of reinforced concrete columns and beams: Analytical approach.” ACI Struct. J. 101 (3): 351–363.
Kobayashi, K., and T. Fijisaki. 1995. “Compressive behavior of FRP reinforcement in non-prestresses concrete members.” In Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Symp. on Non-Metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-2), 267–274. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Mirmiran, A., W. Yuan, and X. Chen. 2001. “Design for slenderness in concrete columns internally reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 98 (1): 116–125.
Mirza, S. 1990. “Flexural stiffness of rectangular reinforced concrete columns.” ACI Struct. J. 87 (4): 425–435.
Mohamed, H. M., M. Z. Afifi, and B. Benmokrane. 2014. “Performance evaluation of concrete columns reinforced longitudinally with FRP bars and confined with FRP hoops and spirals under axial load.” J. Bridge Eng. 19 (7): 04014020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000590.
Othman, Z. S., and A. H. Mohammad. 2019. “Behaviour of eccentric concrete columns reinforced with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer bars.” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2019 (3): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1769212.
Peng, F., and W. Xue. 2019. “Reliability analysis of eccentrically loaded concrete rectangular columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 116 (4): 275–284. https://doi.org/10.14359/51715634.
Salah-Eldin, A., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2019. “Structural performance of high-strength-concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and ties subjected to eccentric loads.” Eng. Struct. 185: 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.143.
Sun, L., M. Wei, and N. Zhang. 2017. “Experimental study on the behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete columns under eccentric axial load.” Constr. Build. Mater. 152: 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.159.
Tarawneh, A. N., H. M. Dwairi, G. Almasabha, and S. Majdalaweyh. 2021. “Effect of fiber-reinforced polymer-compression reinforcement in columns subjected to concentric and eccentric loading.” ACI Struct. J. 118 (3): 187–197.
Tobbi, H., A. S. Farghaly, and B. Benmokrane. 2012. “Concrete columns reinforced longitudinally and transversally with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 109 (4): 551–558.
Wight, J. K. 2021. Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.
Xue, W., F. Peng, and Z. Fang. 2018. “Behavior and design of slender rectangular concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 115 (2): 311–322.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 26 • Issue 3 • June 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 31, 2021
Accepted: Jan 22, 2022
Published online: Mar 11, 2022
Published in print: Jun 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Aug 11, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Eman Saleh, Mai Aljaberi, Evaluation of Stability Resistance Factor for Slender Concrete Columns Internally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, Journal of Composites for Construction, 10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4033, 27, 1, (2023).
- Ahmad Tarawneh, Abdullah Alghossoon, Eman Saleh, Ghassan Almasabha, Yasmin Murad, Mahmoud Abu-Rayyan, Ahmad Aldiabat, Machine Learning Prediction Model for Shear Capacity of FRP-RC Slender and Deep Beams, Sustainability, 10.3390/su142315609, 14, 23, (15609), (2022).
- Chun Han Song, Khaled Giasin, Abu Saifullah, Antigoni Barouni, Investigation of the Contact Interface between Natural Fibre Metal Laminates under Tension Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Polymers, 10.3390/polym14214650, 14, 21, (4650), (2022).
- Hany El-Kady, Osama Amer, Ahmed H. Ali, Hesham Haggag, Experimental Investigation on the Cyclic In-Plane Behavior of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls, Buildings, 10.3390/buildings12111948, 12, 11, (1948), (2022).
- Odey Alshboul, Ghassan Almasabha, Ali Shehadeh, Rabia Emhamed Al Mamlook, Ali Saeed Almuflih, Naif Almakayeel, Machine Learning-Based Model for Predicting the Shear Strength of Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups, Buildings, 10.3390/buildings12081166, 12, 8, (1166), (2022).
- Ghassan Almasabha, Odey Alshboul, Ali Shehadeh, Ali Saeed Almuflih, Machine Learning Algorithm for Shear Strength Prediction of Short Links for Steel Buildings, Buildings, 10.3390/buildings12060775, 12, 6, (775), (2022).
- Eman Saleh, Ahmad N. Tarawneh, M.Z. Naser, Failure mode classification and deformability evaluation for concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars, Composite Structures, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115651, 292, (115651), (2022).