Vehicular Impact Resistance of FRP-Strengthened RC Bridge Pier

Acknowledgments

Notation

A

section area of pier;

A_sv

area sum of transverse rebars;

A_sv1

area of single transverse rebar;

b

section width of pier;

c

strain-rate parameter for C-S model;

D

diameter of pier;

DIF

dynamic increase factor;

DIF_c

DIF of concrete;

DIF_cc

DIF of compressive strength of concrete;

DIF_ct

DIF of tensile strength of concrete;

DIF_f

DIF of FRP;

DIF_s

DIF of reinforcement rebar;

d_f

effective width of strengthened pier;

E_a

elastic modulus of FRP;

E_b

elastic modulus of FRP;

E_f

tensile modulus of elasticity of FRP;

E_p

plastic hardening modulus of rebar;

$F_{veh}^P$

peak vehicular impact force;

f_cs

static cylindric compressive strength of concrete;

f_cu,s

static cube compressive strength of concrete;

f_fed

effective dynamic tensile stress of FRP;

f_fes

effective static tensile stress of FRP;

f_td

dynamic tensile strength of concrete;

f_ts

static tensile strength of concrete;

f_yvd

dynamic yield stress of transverse rebar;

f_yvs

static yield stress of transverse rebar;

G_ab

shear modulus of FRP;

h₀

effective section height of pier;

m_ch

cargo weight of heavy truck;

m_cm

cargo weight of medium truck;

m_eh

engine weight of heavy truck;

m_em

engine weight of medium truck;

N

axial force applied on pier;

n

number of transverse rebars;

n_f

number of FRP layers;

p

strain-rate parameter for C-S model;

S_c

longitudinal compressive stress of FRP;

s

spacing of transverse rebar;

t_f

FRP thickness;

V_bd

dynamic shear capacity of bare pier;

V_bs

static shear capacity of bare pier;

V_dsc

dynamic shear capacity of bare pier;

$V_{dsc}^S$

dynamic shear capacity of strengthened pier;

V_dsd

maximal dynamic shear demand;

V_fd

dynamic shear contribution of FRP;

V_fs

static shear contribution of FRP;

v₀

impact velocity;

v_ab

Poisson’s ratio of FRP;

v_ba

Poisson’s ratio of FRP;

X_t

longitudinal tensile stress of FRP;

Y_c

transverse compressive stress of FRP;

Y_t

transverse tensile stress of FRP;

β

hardening parameter of rebar;

$\dot{\epsilon }$

strain rate of rebar;

${\dot{\epsilon }}_{cd}$

compressive strain rate of concrete;

ɛ_eff

equivalent plastic strain of rebar;

${\dot{\epsilon }}_f$

strain rate of FRP;

ɛ_fe

effective strain of FRP;

${\dot{\epsilon }}_{sd}$

strain rate of rebar;

${\dot{\epsilon }}_{td}$

tensile strain rate of concrete;

θ

fiber orientation of FRP;

κ

nonuniform distribution of the strain rate;

λ

shear-span ratio;

λ_c

collapse index;

σ₀

static yield stress of rebar;

σ_y

dynamic yield stress of rebar; and

w_f

FRP wrapping width.

References