Pile Spacing Effects on Lateral Pile Group Behavior: Analysis
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 10
Abstract
Using the results from three full-scale lateral pile group load tests in stiff clay with spacing ranging from 3.3 to 5.65, computer analyses were performed to back-calculate multipliers. The multipliers, which account for reduced resistance due to pile–soil–pile interaction, increased as pile spacing increased from 3.3 to 5.65 diameters. Extrapolation of the test results suggests that group reduction effects can be neglected for spacings greater than about 6.5 for leading row piles and 7–8 diameters for trailing row piles. Based on analysis of the full-scale test results, pile behavior can be grouped into three general categories, namely: (1) first or front row piles; (2) second row piles; and (3) third and higher row piles. multiplier versus normalized pile spacing curves were developed for each category. The proposed curves yield multipliers which are higher than those previously recommended by AASHTO in 2000, the US Army in 1993, and the US Navy in 1982 based on limited test data, but lower values than those proposed by Reese et al. in 1996 and Reese and Van Impe in 2001. The response (load versus deflection, maximum moment versus load, and bending moment versus depth) for each row of the pile groups computed using GROUP and Florida Pier generally correlated very well with measurements from the full-scale tests when the multipliers developed from this test program were employed.
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Acknowledgments
This project was supported by Departments of Transportation from the states of Arizona, California, New York, Utah, and Washington through a pooled-fund arrangement. This support is greatly appreciated. The Utah Department of Transportation served as the lead agency with Sam Musser and Blaine Leonard as the Project Managers. Doug Alexander, Tom Shantz, Paul Bailey, and David Sowers served on the Technical Advisory Panel. However, the views and recommendations expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
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© 2006 ASCE.
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Received: Mar 26, 2004
Accepted: Mar 9, 2006
Published online: Oct 1, 2006
Published in print: Oct 2006
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