Neural Network Prediction of Air Stripping
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 5
Abstract
Design of air stripping packed towers used to remove volatile organic compounds requires an estimate of the overall mass transfer coefficient which is frequently obtained via physically based parametric correlations. Parametric correlations have some shortcomings and produce predictions with relatively large deviations for full-scale, modern application of air stripping towers. In this study, neural network (NN) technology, a powerful new nonparametric approach, is used to analyze mass transfer characteristics in air stripping towers and to simulate A large database that is representative of current applications of air stripping towers was assembled for this analysis. The predictions by neural networks were superior to both the Onda model [Onda, K., Takeuchi, H., and Okumoto, Y. (1968). “Mass transfer between gas and liquid phases in packed columns.” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 1, 56–62.] and an improved Onda model [Djebber, Y. and Narbaitz, R. M. (unpublished)], the best existing parametric models for air stripping applications. The average absolute error for the validation, as well as for the development data, were found to be less than 19%. The NN model was able to simulate the sudden increase in at high gas loading rates. Also, it simulated more realistically the effect of the packing depth and liquid flow.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Adamowski, K.(1989). “A Monte Carlo comparison of parametric and nonparametric estimation of flood frequencies.” J. Hydrol., 108, 295–308.
Adamowski, K., and Feluch, W.(1991). “Application of nonparametric regression to ground water level prediction.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 18, 600–606.
Basheer, I. A., Reddi, L. N., and Najjar, Y. M.(1996). “Site characterization by neuronets: An application to the landfill siting problem.” Ground Water, 34(4), 610–617.
Bravo, J. L., Patwardhan, A. A., and Edgar, T. F.(1992). “Influence of effective interfacial areas in the operation and control of packed distillation columns.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31(2), 604–608.
Cline, G. C., Lane, T. J., and Saldamando, M. (1985). “Packed column aeration for trichloroethylene removal at Scottsdale, Arizona.” Proc., 1985 AWWA Annual Conf., 1083–1099.
Davidson, J. F.(1959). “The hold-up and liquid film coefficient of packed towers: Part II: Statistical models of the random packing.” Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 37, 131–136.
De Veaux, R. D., Psichogios, D. C., and Ungar, L. H.(1993). “A comparison of two nonparametric estimation schemes: MARS and neural networks.” Comput. Chem. Eng., 17(8), 819–837.
Djebbar, Y. (1998). “Prediction of mass transfer coefficients of air stripping packed towers for volatile organic compound removal.” PhD thesis, University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Djebbar, Y., and Narbaitz, R. M.(1995a). “Mass transfer correlations in packed towers.” Environ. Prog., 14(3), 137–145.
Djebbar, Y., and Narbaitz, R. M. (1995b). “Neural network estimation of mass transfer coefficient.” Proc., WEFTED’95, Miami Beach, Fla.
Djebbar, Y., and Narbaitz, R. M. (1998). “Improved correlations for VOC air stripping packed towers.” Water Sci. Technol., 38(6), 295–302.
Dvorak, B. I., Lawler, D. F., Fair, J. R., and Handler, N. E.(1996). “Evaluation of the Onda correlations for mass transfer with large random packings.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 945–953.
French, M. N., Witold, F. K., and Robert, R. C.(1992). “Rainfall forecasting in space and time using a neural network.” J. Hydrol., 137, 1–31.
Gossett, J. M.(1987). “Measurement of Henry’s law constant for C1 and C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 21(2), 202–208.
Gossett, J. M., Cameron, C. E., Eckestrom, B. P., Goodman, C., and Linkoff, A. H. (1985). “Mass transfer coefficient and Henry’s constants for packed tower air stripping of volatile organics: Measurements and correlation.” Rep. No. ESL-TR-85-18, Engineering and Services Laboratory, U.S. Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall, Fla.
Gross, R. L., and Termaath, S. G.(1985). “Packed tower aeration strips trichloroethylene from groundwater.” Environ. Prog., 4, 119–123.
Haarhoff, J., and Cleasby, J. L.(1990). “Evaluation of air stripping for the removal of organic drinking-water contaminants.” Water South Africa, 16(1), 13–22.
Hammerstrom, D.(1993a). “Neural networks at work.” IEEE Spectrum, 30, 26–32.
Hammerstrom, D.(1993b). “Working with neural networks.” IEEE Spectrum, 30, 46–53.
Harriott, P.(1989). “Effect of liquid maldistribution on the performance of packed stripping columns.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 309–314.
Hayduk, W., and Laudie, H.(1974). “Prediction of diffusion coefficients for nonelectrolytes in dilute aqueous solutions.” AIChE J., 20(3), 611–615.
Haykin, S. (1994). Neural networks, a comprehensive foundation, Macmillan, New York.
Hess, A. F., Dyksen, J. E., and Dunn, H. J. (1983). “Control strategy—Aeration treatment technique.” Occurrence and removal of volatile organic chemicals from drinking water, AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, 87–154.
Hsu, K., Gupta, H. V., and Sorooshian, S.(1995). “Artificial neural network modeling of the rainfall runoff process.” Water Resour. Res., 31(10), 2517–2530.
Lamarche, P., and Droste, R. L.(1989). “Air stripping mass transfer correlations for volatile organics.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 81(1), 78–89.
Lang, K. C. (1991). “Correlation equations for predicting the pressure drop and HTU values for 3.5 in. LANPAC™ in VOC/air stripping application.” Technical Bulletin No. TL901-TL921, Lantec Products, Inc.
Lenzo, F. C., Frielinghaus, T. J., and Zienkiewicz, A. W. (1990). “The application of the Onda correlation to packed column air stripper design: Theory versus reality.” Proc., AWWA Annual Conf. and Exposition, June, Cincinnati.
Little, J. C., and Selleck, R. E.(1991). “Evaluating the performance of two plastic packings in a cross-flow aeration tower.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 83(6), 88–95.
Lyman, W. J., Reehl, W. F., and Rosenblatt, D. H. (1990). Handbook of environmental chemical property estimation methods, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Michael, J. I., Roberts, P. V., Ball, P. R., and Pohlman, B. L. (1991). “Pilot study of an air stripping tower removing VOCs from groundwater.” Proc., 64th WPCF Annual Conf. and Exposition, Toronto, October 7–10.
Narbaitz, R. M., and Djebbar, Y.(1996). “Nonparametric modeling of mass transfer coefficients for air stripping packed towers.” Can J. Civ. Eng., 23, 549–559.
Narbaitz, R. M., and Djebbar, Y. (1998). “Volatile organic compounds, air stripping from contaminated groundwater: Mass transfer correlations.” Encyclopedia of environmental analysis and remediation, R. A. Mayer, ed., Wiley, New York, 5045–5054.
Narbaitz, R. M., Mayorga, W. J., Torres, F. D., Greenfield, J. H., Amy, G.L., and Minear, R. A. (2002). “Aeration stripping pilot-scale media comparison.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., in press.
Onda, K., Takeuchi, H., and Okumoto, Y.(1968). “Mass transfer between gas and liquid phases in packed columns.” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 1, 56–62.
Raczko, R. F., Dyksen, J. E., and Denove, M. B. (1985). “Air stripping for removal of volatile organics from groundwater: From pilot studies to pilot scale systems.” Unpublished Rep., Malcolm Pirnie, White Plains, N.Y.
Roberts, P. V., Hopkins, G. D., Munz, C., and Riojas, A. H.(1985). “Evaluating two-resistance models for air stripping of volatile organic contaminants in a countercurrent, packed column.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 164–173.
Rukovena, F. (1987). “Air stripping demonstration test using Intalox™ Snowflake™ packing to remove TCE and PCE from contaminated groundwater.” Test locations in Southern California and Univ. of Texas at Austin.
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., and Williams, R. J. (1986). “Learning internal representation by error propagation.” D. Rumelhart, J. McClelland, and the PDP research group, parallel distributed processing, Vol. 1: Foundation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 318–362.
Staudinger, J. (1986). “Evaluating of mass transfer correlations for packed-column air stripping of volatile organic contaminants from water supplies.” MS thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, Va.
Staudinger, J., Knocke, W. R., and Randall, C. W.(1990). “Evaluating the Onda mass transfer correlation for the design of packed-column air stripping.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 82(1), 73–79.
Thirumalaiah, K., and Deo, M. C.(1998). “River stage forecasting using artificial neural networks.” J. Hydrologic Eng., 3(1), 26–32.
Treybal, R. E. (1980). Mass transfer operations, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Umphres, M. D., Trusell, R. R., and Tate, C. H. (1982). “A study of trihalomethane removal by packed tower aeration.” Proc., 1982 AWWA Annual Conf., 405–424.
Vivian, J. E., and King, C. J.(1964). “The mechanism of liquid-phase resistance to gas absorption in a packed column.” AIChE J., 10(2), 221–227.
Vivian, J. E., and Peaceman, D. W.(1956). “Liquid-side resistance in gas absorption.” AIChE J., 2(4), 437–443.
Welty, J. R., Wicks, C. E., and Wilson, R. E. (1976). “Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer.” 2nd Ed., Wiley, Toronto.
Zaabab, H., Zhang, Q. J., and Nakhla, M.(1995). “A neural network modeling approach to circuit optimization and statistical design.” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 43(6), 1349–1358.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 128 • Issue 5 • May 2002
Pages: 451 - 460
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 27, 2000
Accepted: Jul 11, 2001
Published online: Apr 15, 2002
Published in print: May 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.