Particle Backtracking Algorithm for Water Distribution System Analysis
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 5
Abstract
A novel input-output model of water quality in water distribution systems is presented as a particle (water parcel) backtracking algorithm (PBA). The PBA is a simpler and more efficient version of that described by Zierolf et al. in 1998 and is extended to allow storage tanks and multiple water sources and quality inputs. For simplicity the algorithm details are described for networks with a single water quality input at the water source, and the necessary extensions to allow multiple water sources and quality inputs are described separately. The PBA provides information that is not available using traditional simulation approaches: the various paths that water takes between a particular input source and output node, and their associated time delays and impact on output node water quality. Such information constitutes a complete description of the input-output behavior under typical assumptions of first-order chemical decay or production reactions. Thus the output behavior can be calculated for any source quality input, and the explicit mathematical form of the input-output behavior is useful information for certain applications such as feedback control. More generally, the PBA is a tool to understand flow-path-dependent water quality processes in distribution systems, since those paths and their characteristics are made explicit and thus available for analysis. The potential utility of input-output analysis is illustrated by several examples.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Boccelli, D., Tryby, M., Uber, J., Rossman, L., Zierolf, M., and Polycarpou, M.(1998). “Optimal scheduling of booster disinfection in water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 124(2), 99–111.
Boulos, P. F., Altman, T., Jarrige, P. A., and Collevati, F.(1994). “An event-driven method for modeling contaminant propagation in water networks.” J. Appl. Math. Model., 18(2), 84–92.
Boulos, P., Altman, T., Jarrige, P., and Collevati, F.(1995). “Discrete simulation approach for network-water-quality models.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 121(1), 49–60.
Clark, R. M., Grayman, W. M., and Males, R. M.(1988). “Contaminant transport in distribution system.” J. Environ. Eng., 114(4), 929–943.
Clark, R. M., Grayman, W. M., Males, R. M., and Hess, A. F.(1993). “Modeling contaminant propagation in drinking water distribution systems.” J. Environ. Eng., 119(2), 349–364.
El-Shorbagy, W., and Lansey, K. (1994). “Dynamic modeling of water quality modeling in water distribution systems.” Proc., American Water Works Association AWWA Specialty Conf. on Computers in the Water Industry, Denver, 457–465.
Grayman, W. M., Clark, R. M., and Males, R. M.(1988). “Modeling distribution-system water quality: Dynamic approach.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 114(3), 295–312.
Islam, M. R., and Chaudhry, M. H.(1998). “Modeling of constituent transport in unsteady flows in pipe networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(11), 1115–1124.
Islam, M. R., Chaudhry, M. H., and Clark, R. M.(1997). “Inverse modeling of chlorine concentration in pipe networks under dynamic condition.” J. Environ. Eng., 123(10), 1033–1040.
Liou, C. P., and Kroon, J. R.(1987). “Modeling the propagation of waterborne substances in distribution networks.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 79(11), 54–58.
Maier, S. H., Powell, R. S., and Woodward, C. A.(2000). “Calibration and comparison of chlorine decay models for a test water distribution system.” J. Water Res., 34(8), 2301–2309.
Polycarpou, M., Uber, J., Wang, Z., Shang, F., and Brdys, M. (2002). “Feedback control of water quality.” IEEE Control Sys. Mag., in press.
Rao, H. S., and Bree, D. W.(1977). “Extended period simulation of water systems—part A.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 103(2), 97–108.
Rossman, L. A., Boulos, P. F., and Altman, T.(1993) “Discrete volume-element method for network water-quality models.” J. Water. Resour. Plan. Manage., 119(5), 505–517.
Rossman, L. A. (1999). “The EPANET programmer’s toolkit.” Proc., Water Resources Planning and Management Division Annual Specialty Conf., ASCE, New York.
Rossman, L. A. (2000). EPANET User’s Manual. Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati.
Rossman, L., and Boulos, P.(1996). “Numerical methods for modeling water quality in distribution systems: A comparison.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 122(2), 137–146.
Rossman, L., Clark, R., and Grayman, W.(1994). “Modeling chlorine residuals in drinking-water distribution systems.” J. Environ. Eng., 120(4), 803–820.
Wang, Z., Polycarpou, M. M., and Uber, J. G. (2000). “Decentralized model reference adaptive control of water quality for water distribution systems.” Proc., 15th IEEE Int. Symposium on Intelligent Control, New York, 127–132.
Zierolf, M. L., Polycarpou, M. M., and Uber, J. G.(1998). “Development and auto-calibration of an input-output model of chlorine transport in drinking water distribution systems.” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 6(4), 543–553.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 128 • Issue 5 • May 2002
Pages: 441 - 450
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 9, 2001
Accepted: Nov 9, 2001
Published online: Apr 15, 2002
Published in print: May 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.