Overtide Generation in Small Inlet-Bay Systems
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 5
Abstract
The generation of shallow water tides (overtides) may influence shoaling processes in shallow embayments and harbors. A simplified, conceptual model is developed to simulate the generation of overtides and tidal asymmetries in small inlet/bay systems. The model’s formulation assumes a weakly nonlinear, pumping-mode response and includes effects of four generating mechanisms: quadratic bottom friction (QB), elevation-effect of friction (EEF), nonlinear continuity (NC), and advective acceleration (AA). QB generates primarily odd harmonics, including a second overtide component (M6) that reduces/distorts peak flood/ebb currents symmetrically. The first overtide component (M4) is generated primarily by NC, EEF, and AA. NC, AA, and QB mechanisms are associated with flood-dominant distortion patterns, whereas the EEF mechanism is associated with a shift toward ebb dominance in the special case in which NC contributions are reduced (e.g., large basin tidal flats) and AA is small. Solutions for the M4 tide indicate phase-locking, and distortion patterns consistent with previous studies. A maximum flood-dominant response can occur when the ocean forcing frequency is half the Helmholtz frequency, which is a condition that may cause flood shoals to develop.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the cited studies by Dr. Bruce Parker that inspired and enabled this paper. Also, we would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments.
References
Alebregtse, N. C., H. E. De Swart, and J. T. F. Zimmerman. 2012. “Tidal asymmetries in estuaries due to channel-flat interactions, a simple model.” In Proc., NCK-days 2012: Crossing borders in coastal research. Enschede, Netherlands: University of Twente.
Aubrey, D. G., and P. E. Speer. 1985. “A study of non-linear tidal propagation in shallow inlet/estuarine systems. Part I: Observations.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 21 (2): 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90096-4.
Boon, J. D., and R. J. Byrne. 1981. “On basin hypsometry and the morphodynamic response of coastal inlet systems.” Mar. Geol. 40 (1–2): 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90041-4.
Costa, S. L., and J. D. Isaacs. 1977. “The modification of sand transport in tidal inlet inlets.” In Proc., Coastal Sediments 77, 5th Symp. of the Waterway, Port Coastal and Ocean Division. New York: ASCE.
De Swart, N. C., J. Alebregtse, and T. F. Zimmerman. 2011. “Tidal asymmetries in basins due to channel flat interactions, a simple model.” In Proc., River Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics, RCEM2011. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.
Dean, R. G., and R. A. Dalrymple. 2002. Coastal processes with engineering applications, 467. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
DiLorenzo, J., P. Huang, G. Bolin, and T. Najarian. 2011. “Conceptual model for back-bay inundations.” Estuarine and coastal modeling, edited by M. L. Spaulding, 327–347. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412411.
DiLorenzo, J., R. Ram, P. Huang, and T. Najarian. 1994. “Pollution susceptibility of well-mixed tidal basins.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 120 (4): 404–422. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1994)120:4(404).
DiLorenzo, J. L. 1988. “The overtide and filtering response of small inlet/bay systems.” In Vol. 29 of Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of tidal inlets, edited by D. G. Aubrey and L. Weisher, 24–53. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Dronkers, J. 1986. “Tidal asymmetry and estuarine morphology.” Neth. J. Sea Res. 20 (2–3): 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(86)90036-0.
Friedrichs, C. T., and D. G. Aubrey. 1988. “Non-linear tidal distortion in shallow well-mixed estuaries: A synthesis.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 27 (5): 521–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(88)90082-0.
Friedrichs, C. T., and D. G. Aubrey. 1994. “Tidal propagation in strongly convergent channels.” J. Geophys. Res. 99 (C2): 3321–3336. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JC03219.
Friedrichs, C. T., and O. S. Madsen. 1992. “Nonlinear diffusion of the tidal signal in frictionally dominated embayments.” J. Geophys. Res. 97 (C4): 5637–5650. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC00354.
Ip, J. T. C., D. R. Lynch, and C. T. Friedrichs. 1998. “Simulation of estuarine flooding and dewatering with application to Great Bay, New Hampshire.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 47 (2): 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0352.
Keulegan, G. H. 1967. Tidal flow in entrances: Water level fluctuations of basins in communication with seas. Vicksburg, MS: USACE Committee on Tidal Hydraulics.
Lanzoni, S., and G. Seminara. 1998. “On tide propagation in convergent estuaries.” J. Geophys. Res. 103 (C13): 30793–30812. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900015.
LeBlond, P. H. 1978. “On tidal propagation in shallow rivers.” J. Geophys. Res. 83 (C9): 4717–4721. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC083iC09p04717.
Maas, L. R. M. 1997. “On the nonlinear Helmholtz response of almost-enclosed tidal basins with sloping bottoms.” J. Fluid Mech. 349: 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112097006824.
Mehta, A., and P. Joshi. 1988. “Tidal inlet hydraulics.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 114 (11): 1321–1338. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:11(1321).
Mehta, A. J., and E. Ozsoy. 1978. “Inlet hydraulics: Flow dynamics and nearshore transport.” Chap. 3.1 in Stability of tidal inlets, edited by P. Bruun, 83–161. New York: Elsevier.
Nayfeh, A. H., and D. T. Mook. 1979. Nonlinear oscillations. New York: Wiley.
Norton, W. R., I. P. King, and G. T. Orlob. 1973. A finite element model for lower granite reservoir. Rep. to the USACE. Walla Walla District, WA: USACE.
Parker, B. B. 1984. “Frictional effects on the tidal dynamics of a shallow estuary.” Ph.D. thesis, Johns Hopkins Univ.
Parker, B. B., ed. 1991. Tidal hydrodynamics. New York: Wiley.
Ridderinkhof, W., H. E. De Swart, M. van der Vegt, N. C. Alebregtse, and P. Hoekstra. 2014. “Geometry of tidal inlet systems: A key factor for the net sediment transport in tidal inlets.” J. Geophys. Res. 119 (10): 6988–7006. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010226.
Shetye, S. R., and A. D. Gouviea. 1992. “On the role of geometry of cross-section in generating flood-dominance in shallow estuaries.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 35 (2): 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80107-6.
Van de Kreeke, J., and Brouwer, R. L. 2017. Tidal inlets: Hydrodynamics and morphodynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vennell, R. 2006. “ADCP measurements of momentum balance and dynamic topography in a constricted tidal channel.” J. Phys. Oceanogr. 36 (2): 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2836.1.
Walton, T., and F. Escoffier. 1981. “Linearized solution to inlet equation with inertia.” J. Waterway., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 107 (WW3): 191–195.
Walton, T. L. 2002a. “Setup and setdown in tidal bays and wetlands.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 55 (5): 789–794. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0940.
Walton, T. L. 2002b. Tidal velocity asymmetry at inlets. ERDC/CHL CHETN-IV-47. Vicksburg, MS: USACE.
Warner, J. C., D. H. Schoellhamer, C. A. Ruhl, and J. R. Burau. 2004. “Floodtide pulses after low tides in shallow embayments adjacent to deep channels.” Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 60 (2): 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.12.011.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 5 • September 2019
Copyright
© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 22, 2018
Accepted: Feb 6, 2019
Published online: Jul 9, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 9, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.