Effect of Sea Level Rise on the Wave Overtopping Rate at Berm Breakwater
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 5
Abstract
This study quantitatively assessed the risk in the overtopping performance of berm breakwaters due to sea level rise (SLR). To achieve this, a recent overtopping prediction formula that includes the influence of water depth on the estimated overtopping rate was used for the analysis. Additionally, the probabilities of failure in terms of the overtopping rate for different SLR scenarios were estimated using the Monte Carlo simulations, and the optimal maintenance intervals were determined. The increase in the crest freeboard, required to maintain the design overtopping rate, was estimated to be less than the increase needed in berm width for the different sea level rise scenarios considered. Furthermore, the required crest freeboard was influenced less by the initial configuration of the berm width. Shorter maintenance intervals were required for structures with an initially wide berm compared to those with a high crest freeboard. The results indicated that the future design and maintenance of berm breakwaters need to consider the effects of SLR on the overtopping performance, especially in shallow water zones.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bosello, F., R. Roson, and R. S. J. Tol. 2007. “Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change: Sea level rise.” Environ. Resour. Econ. 37 (3): 549–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9048-5.
Buijs, F. A., J. W. Hall, P. B. Sayers, and P. H. A. J. M. Van Gelder. 2009. “Time-dependent reliability analysis of flood defences.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 94 (12): 1942–1953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2009.06.012.
Chen, H. P., and A. M. Alani. 2012. “Reliability and optimised maintenance for sea defences.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Marit. Eng. 165 (2): 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1680/maen.2010.37.
Cheon, S. H., and K. D. Suh. 2016. “Effect of sea level rise on nearshore significant waves and coastal structures.” Ocean Eng. 114 (Mar): 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.01.026.
Chini, N., and P. K. Stansby. 2012. “Extreme values of coastal wave overtopping accounting for climate change and sea level rise.” Coastal Eng. 65 (Jul): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.02.009.
Chini, N., P. K. Stansby, J. Leake, J. Wolf, J. Roberts-Jones, and J. Lowe. 2010. “The impact of sea level rise and climate change on inshore wave climate: A case study for East Anglia (UK).” Coastal Eng. 57 (11–12): 973–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.05.009.
EurOtop. 2016. Manual on wave overtopping of sea defences and related structures: An overtopping manual largely based on European research, but for worldwide application, J. W. Van der Meer, N. W. H. Allsop, T. Bruce, J. De Rouck, A. Kortenhaus, T. Pullen, H. Schüttrumpf, P. Troch, and B. Zanuttigh. http://www.overtopping-manual.com/.
Fröhle, P. 2012. “To the effectiveness of coastal and flood protection structures under terms of changing climate conditions.” In Proc., 33rd Int. Conf. on Coastal Eng (ICCE). Santander: Coastal Engineering Research Council, ASCE.
Goda, Y. 1975. “Irregular wave deformation in the surf zone.” Coastal Eng. Jpn. 18 (1): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/05785634.1975.11924196.
Goda, Y. 2003. “Revisiting Wilson’s formulas for simplified wind-wave prediction.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 129 (2): 93–95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:2(93).
Goda, Y. 2010. Random seas and design of maritime structures. Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, 1–732. Singapore: World Scientific.
González-Jorge, H., L. Díaz-Vilariño, J. Martínez-Sánchez, B. Riveiro, and P. Arias. 2016. “Wave run-up monitoring on rubble-mound breakwaters using a photogrammetric methodology.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (4): 04015075. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000822.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2013. The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC.
Isobe, M. 2013. “Impact of global warming on coastal structures in shallow water.” Ocean Eng. 71 (Oct): 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.12.032.
Karambas, T. V. 2015. “Modelling of climate change impacts on coastal flooding/erosion, ports and coastal defence structures.” Desalin. Water Treat. 54 (8): 2130–2137. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.934115.
Kim, S. W., and K. D. Suh. 2012. “Time-dependent performance-based design of caisson breakwater considering climate change impacts.” In Proc., 33rd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering (ICCE). Santander: Coastal Engineering Research Council, ASCE.
Lee, C. E., S. W. Kim, D. H. Park, and K. D. Suh. 2013. “Risk assessment of wave run-up height and armor stability of inclined coastal structures subject to long-term sea level rise.” Ocean Eng. 71 (Oct): 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.12.035.
Mase, H., T. Tamada, T. Yasuda, H. Karunarathna, and D. E. Reeve. 2015. “Analysis of climate change effects on seawall reliability.” Coastal Eng. J. 57 (3): 1550010.
Mase, H., D. Tsujio, T. Yasuda, and N. Mori. 2013. “Stability analysis of composite breakwater with wave-dissipating blocks considering increase in sea levels, surges and waves due to climate change.” Ocean Eng. 71 (Oct): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.12.037.
Mori, N., T. Shimura, S. Nakajo, D. Tsujio, T. Yasuda, and H. Mase. 2014. “Projection of future wave climate change and application to coastal structure design.” In Proc., 10th Coasts, Marine Structures and Breakwaters Conf. 2013: From Sea to Shore—Meeting the Challenges of the Sea. London: ICE Publishing.
Mori, N., T. Shimura, T. Yasuda, and H. Mase. 2013. “Multi-model climate projections of ocean surface variables under different climate scenarios—Future change of waves, sea level and wind.” Ocean Eng. 71 (Oct): 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.02.016.
Pillai, K., A. Etemad-Shahidi, and C. Lemckert. 2017a. “Wave overtopping at berm breakwaters: Experimental study and development of prediction formula.” Coastal Eng. 130 (Dec): 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.10.004.
Pillai, K., A. Etemad-Shahidi, and C. Lemckert. 2017b. “Wave overtopping at berm breakwaters: Review and sensitivity analysis of prediction models.” Coastal Eng. 120 (Feb): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.11.003.
Prime, T., J. M. Brown, and A. J. Plater. 2015. “Physical and economic impacts of sea-level rise and low probability flooding events on coastal communities.” PLoS One 10 (2): 28.
Sekimoto, T., M. Isobe, K. Anno, and S. Nakajima. 2013. “A new criterion and probabilistic approach to the performance assessment of coastal facilities in relation to their adaptation to global climate change.” Ocean Eng. 71 (Oct): 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.01.032.
Sigurdarson, S., and J. W. Van der Meer. 2012. “Wave overtopping at berm breakwaters in line with EurOtop.” In Proc., 33rd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering (ICCE). Santander: Coastal Engineering Research Council, ASCE.
Suh, K. D., S. W. Kim, S. Kim, and S. Cheon. 2013. “Effects of climate change on stability of caisson breakwaters in different water depths.” Ocean Eng. 71 (Oct): 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.02.017.
Sutherland, J., and B. Gouldby. 2003. “Vulnerability of coastal defences to climate change.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Marit. Eng. 156 (2): 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1680/wame.2003.156.2.137.
Takagi, H., H. Kashihara, M. Esteban, and T. Shibayama. 2011. “Assessment of future stability of breakwaters under climate change.” Coastal Eng. J. 53 (1): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0578563411002264.
Tørum, A., F. Kuhnen, and A. Menze. 2003. “On berm breakwaters. Stability, scour, overtopping.” Coastal Eng. 49 (3): 209–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3839(03)00062-0.
Townend, I. H. 1994. “Variation in design conditions in response to sea-level rise.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Marit. Energy 106 (3): 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1680/iwtme.1994.26932.
Townend, I. H., and K. Burgess. 2004. “Methodology for assessing the impact of climate change upon coastal defence structures.” In Proc., 29th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering (ICCE), edited by J. M. Smith, 3953–3965. Singapore: World Scientific.
Van der Meer, J. W., and S. Sigurdarson. 2016. Design and construction of berm breakwaters. Singapore: World Scientific.
Van Noortwijk, J. M. 2003. “Explicit formulas for the variance of discounted life-cycle cost.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 80 (2): 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0951-8320(03)00023-1.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 5 • September 2019
Copyright
© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 18, 2018
Accepted: Jan 25, 2019
Published online: Jun 7, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Nov 7, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.