Influence of Macroroughness on Tsunami Loading of Coastal Structures
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents experimental laboratory data to show how macroroughness affects tsunami flow as it travels across the inundation zone. The effects of macroroughness have been observed in several tsunamis, most recently in the Tohoku tsunami in March 2011. The hydraulic experiments presented here were conducted at Oregon State University’s Tsunami Wave Basin, which is equipped with a piston-style wavemaker capable of producing long-period waves that best simulate the effects of tsunamis on shore (i.e., long inundation lengths without large offshore wave heights). The basin was set up with a multitiered bathymetry representing a flat beach similar to those seen in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The experiment was conducted by measuring the run-ups and forces on an instrumented specimen being fronted with macroroughness elements. These elements were systematically positioned around the beach section of the basin, creating multiple configurations to evaluate the effects on the specimen. To best quantify each unique layout of macroroughness, a new measure, the wake clearance angle (), was developed. This measure was then used to show the relative effects of the macroroughness, which was seen to increase the loads on the specimen by more than 100% or to decrease the loads on the specimen by as much as 75%.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0830378. The tsunami facility was supported partially by the George E. Brown Jr. NEES Program of the National Science Foundation under Award No. CMMI-0402490. The authors gratefully acknowledge the work of Milo Clauson in the design, fabrication, and installation of the specimens. In addition, the support of the staff and students at the O. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory, including Tim Maddux, Brittany Snyder, Jose Lozano, Kyle Mayfield, and Matt Rueben, in setting up and conducting the experiment is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to Linda Fayler for her help with instrumentation setup and to Sungwon Shin for his help with data processing and running of the wavemaker for the project.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 1 • January 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 12, 2013
Accepted: Apr 17, 2014
Published online: May 16, 2014
Published in print: Jan 1, 2015
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