Turbulence Measurement of Combined Wave and Surge Overtopping of a Full-Scale HPTRM-Strengthened Levee
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 4
Abstract
A combination of storm surge and extreme waves may cause overtopping of coastal protection structures such as levees, dikes, and seawalls, resulting in structural damage and flooding behind these structures. High turbulence of the overtopping flow is an important or even critical factor in soil erosion, and may be responsible for the destruction of levees during combined overtopping. The goal of this study was to observe and measure the turbulence on the crest and landside of levees strengthened by high performance turf reinforcement mats (HPTRMs). A full-scale laboratory study of the combined wave and surge overtopping of a levee strengthened with HPTRMs was conducted in a two-dimensional (2D) laboratory wave/flow flume. During a total of 11 trials, the authors recorded and processed three-dimensional (3D) velocity and water depth. They developed a new formula to estimate the average overtopping discharge. This paper presents turbulent fluctuations of the three components of flow velocity on the crest and landside slope, and develops formulas to estimate the turbulent intensity. The study used five methods—the log profile method, three turbulent methods (Reynolds stress; turbulent kinetic energy, ; and turbulent kinetic energy, ), and the Nadal and Hughes method—for the turbulent shear stress predictions on the levee crest and landside slopes. The new formulas developed show that turbulent shear stresses at the middle of the crest, the end of the crest, and the landside slope are functions of the relative freeboard.
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Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Department of Homeland Security-sponsored Southeast Region Research Initiative (SERRI) at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was also funded by China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (51125034), the National Science Foundation of China (51239003, 51279046, 50879019), and the Ph.D. Discipline Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (200802940001). The opinions and conclusions described in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of the sponsors. The laboratory experiments were conducted at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University. Thanks are also extended to Tim Maddux of Oregon State University, Richard Goodrum of Colbond, Inc., Michael Robenson, and Jessie Clark of Profile Products, for their support during the experiments.
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Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 4 • July 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 24, 2012
Accepted: Jul 31, 2013
Published online: Aug 2, 2013
Published in print: Jul 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Jul 27, 2014
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