Evaluating the Climate Change Mitigation Potential of Sustainable Urban Transport Measures in India
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 149, Issue 1
Abstract
Urban transportation is viewed as the second leading source of carbon dioxide emissions. The growing number of vehicles and road infrastructure-based supply in Indian cities is viewed as the essential driver of climate change and relevant consequences affecting the sustainability of cities. In this study, sustainable transport measures were analyzed to understand the emission mitigation potential of the Bengaluru Metropolitan Region’s transport sector in Karnataka, India. Relevant policies were identified under the planning, regulatory, economic, and technological instruments and grouped under four policy bundles. The mitigation potential of the policy bundles was quantitatively evaluated in terms of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), exhaust emissions, and greenhouse gas emissions. The study also estimated the carbon emission intensity and consumer surplus for different mode users across all policy bundles. The findings from this showed that Policy bundle 4, a comprehensive mix of various policies, demonstrated a critical decrease in VKT and emissions compared with the other policy bundles and, thus, provided good scientific decision support for transport policymakers.
Practical Applications
The study helps Bengaluru’s transport planning authorities in designing comprehensive mobility plans in a much more sophisticated way. The inclusion of public participation in the planning process helps improve sustainability. The consumer surplus provides a better understanding of social benefits derived from the policies, and emissions intensity estimates help understand whether the emissions have decoupled from the economic growth. The study also presents that public transportation plays a major role in solving congestion problems. Thus, it helps the planning authorities to prioritize their investments to make cities more liveable.
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Data Availability Statement
The data used for the modeling and the policy evaluation methodology supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The work reported in this paper is part of the Indo-Norway collaborative project titled “Coping with Climate: Assessing Policies for Climate Change Adoption and Transport Sector Mitigation in Indian Cities (CLIMATRANS),” project No. ITEN—001, sponsored by the Research Council of Norway (NFR). The authors express their gratitude to other project partners for their valuable inputs and support throughout the project. The authors sincerely thank all stakeholders from organizations in the Bengaluru Metropolitan Region for actively participating in stakeholder meetings and providing us with their valuable inputs.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 149 • Issue 1 • March 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 29, 2021
Accepted: Jul 27, 2022
Published online: Oct 27, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Mar 27, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- [Inorganic compounds]
- Air pollution
- Business management
- Carbon compounds
- Carbon dioxide
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Climate change
- Climates
- Developing countries
- Emissions
- Environmental engineering
- Highway transportation
- Infrastructure
- Mitigation and remediation
- Organic compounds
- Pollution
- Practice and Profession
- Sustainable development
- Transportation engineering
- Urban and regional development
- Urban areas
- Vehicles
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