Abstract

Complete Streets (CS) practice in the United States is heterogeneous. While organizations like the National Complete Streets Coalition have offered guidance on the formation of a robust Complete Streets policy, the maturity of public programs for Complete Streets practice is ill-defined. This research adapts existing transportation-focused capability maturity frameworks to propose a new capability maturity model for Complete Streets that is designed to help organizations evaluate current program maturity and identify next steps for evolving practice. The model includes a self-assessment tool and a set of qualitative descriptions of incrementally increasing maturity across seven program dimensions determined to be fundamental to the success of Complete Streets programs. The proposed model is designed to assist in strategic planning and organizational capacity building.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
This research was made possible with the support from the Intermodal Freight Transportation Institute at the University of Memphis, the Herff College of Engineering, and from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Transportation Fellowship Program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Highway Administration or the University of Memphis. We wish to thank our panel of subject matter experts, Stephen Lockwood, Kevin Comstock, Michael Jelen, Nicholas Oyler, James Crook, and Ellen Zavisca, for their reviews and feedback pertaining to the initial version of the self-assessment quiz and CMM table.

References

AASHTO. n.d. Transportation systems management & operations guidance. AASHTO TSMO Guidance. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Ahn, K., and H. Rakha. 2009. “A field evaluation case study of the environmental and energy impacts of traffic calming.” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 14 (6): 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2009.01.007.
Anderson, G., and L. Searfoss. 2015. Safer streets, stronger economies: Complete streets project outcomes from across the country. Washington, DC: Smart Growth America.
Barnes, E., and M. Schlossberg. 2013. “Improving cyclist and pedestrian environment while maintaining vehicle throughput: Before- and after-construction analysis.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2393 (1): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.3141/2393-10.
Barua, S., K. El-Basyouny, T. Islam, and S. Gargoum. 2014. “Lessons learned from adopting the highway safety manual to assess the safety performance of alternative urban complete streets designs.” In Proc., Conf. Proc. Transportation Association of Canada. Ottawa: Transportation Association of Canada (TAC).
Brown, V., M. Moodie, and R. Carter. 2017. “Evidence for associations between traffic calming and safety and active transport or obesity: A scoping review.” J. Transp. Health 7: 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.02.011.
Cook, H. D. 2019. “Advancing obesity solutions through investments in the built environment.” TR News 319: 11–17. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. https://trid.trb.org/view/1591291.
Curtis, B., W. Hefley, and S. Miller. 1995. People capability maturity model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center.
Doran, G. T. 1981. “There’s a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management’s goals and objectives.” Manage. Rev. 70 (11): 35–36.
Dowling, R. G., National Research Council (US), and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (Eds.). 2008. Multimodal level of service analysis for urban streets. NCHRP Rep. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Dumbaugh, E. 2005. “Safe streets, livable streets.” J. Am. Plann. Assoc. 71 (3): 283–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360508976699.
Essmann, H., and N. Du Preez. 2009. “An innovation capability maturity model—Development and initial application.” Proc. World Acad. Sci.: Eng. Technol. 53: 1–11.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2012a. “Work Zone Management CMF.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/tool/wzm/index.htm.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2012b. “Active Demand Management CMF.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/tool/adm/index.htm.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2012c. “Planned Special Event CMF.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/tool/pse/index.htm.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2012d. “Road Weather Management CMF.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/tool/rwm/index.htm.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2012e. “Traffic Management CMF.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/tool/traffic_mgmt/index.htm.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2012f. “Traffic Signal Systems CMF.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/tool/tssc/index.htm.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2015. “Road diet case studies.” Washington, DC: FHWA.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). n.d. “Capability Maturity Frameworks Overview: Business Process Frameworks for Transportation Operations—FHWA Operations.” Accessed July 30, 2020. https://ops.fhwa.gov/tsmoframeworktool/cmf_overview.htm.
Gettman, D., L. Burgess, D. Haase, E. Flanigan, and S. Lockwood. 2017. Guidelines for applying capability maturity model analysis to connected and automated vehicle deployment. Final Rep. Kimley Horn and Associates.
Hufty, M. 2011. Investigating policy processes: The governance analytical frame-work (GAF). Bern, Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia.
Humphrey, W. S. 1988. “Characterizing the software process: A maturity framework.” IEEE Softw. 5 (2): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/52.2014.
Ibrahim, H., A. Salama, F. Wiedmann, B. Aboukalloub, and R. Awwaad. 2020. “Identification and analysis of land use change in Doha downtown neighborhoods.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 146 (1): 04019028. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000544.
Jensen, W. A., T. K. Stump, B. B. Brown, C. M. Werner, and K. R. Smith. 2017. “Walkability, complete streets, and gender: Who benefits most?” Health Place 48: 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.007.
Johnson, B. J., and S. S. White. 2010. “Promoting sustainability through transportation infrastructure? Innovation and inertia in the Kansas City metropolitan area.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 136 (4): 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000027.
Jordan, S., and S. S. Ivey. 2021. “Complete streets: Promises and proof.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 147 (2): 04021011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000684.
Knapp, K., B. Chandler, J. Atkinson, T. Welch, H. Rigdon, R. Retting, S. Meekins, E. Widstrand, and R. J. Porter. 2014. Road diet informational guide. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
Mahmoudi, J., and L. Zhang. 2018. “Impact of county-level built environment and regional accessibility on walking: A Washington, DC–Baltimore case study.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 144 (3): 04018020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000452.
McCann, B., and S. Rynne. 2010. Complete streets: Best policy and implementation practices. Chicago: American Planning Association, Planning Advisory Service.
Nolan, R. L. 1973. “Managing the computer resource: A stage hypothesis.” Commun. ACM 16 (7): 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1145/362280.362284.
Norcross, A. (2016). “» The benefits of Complete Streets.” Plan4Health. Accessed February 11, 2019. http://plan4health.us/the-benefits-of-complete-streets/.
NYCDOT (New York City Department of Transportation). 2014. Protected bicycle lanes in NYC. New York: New York City Department of Transportation
Ohlms, P., L. Dougald, and H. MacKnight. 2020. How’s that diet working: Performance of Virginia road diets. Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Transportation Research Council.
Paulk, M. 1991. “Capability maturity model for software.” In Encyclopedia of software engineering, edited by J. J. Marciniak, 1–20. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Paulk, M. C., B. Curtis, M. B. Chrissis, and C. V. Weber. 1993. Capability maturity model for software, version 1.1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center.
Perk, V. 2015. Capturing the benefits of Complete Streets. Tampa, FL: Univ. of South Florida.
Poushter, J. 2015. “Car, bike or motorcycle? Depends on where you live.” Pew Research Center. Accessed March 26, 2020. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/16/car-bike-or-motorcycle-depends-on-where-you-live/.
Rodriguez-Valencia, A. 2014. “Double benefit from Green Street design: A life cycle perspective.” In Proc. Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting, 14-4342. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Seskin, S., H. Kite, and L. Searfoss. 2015. Evaluating complete streets projects: A guide for practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons and Smart Growth America.
Shu, S., D. C. Quiros, R. Wang, and Y. Zhu. 2014. “Changes of street use and on-road air quality before and after complete street retrofit: An exploratory case study in Santa Monica, California.” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 32: 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.08.024.
Smart Growth America. n.d.-a “Climate: Benefits of Complete Streets.” Smart Growth America. Accessed February 11, 2019. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/resources/clmate-benefits-of-complete-streets/.
Smart Growth America. n.d.-b “Complete Streets promote good health.” Smart Growth America. Accessed January 11, 2019. https://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/app/legacy/documents/cs/factsheets/cs-health.pdf.
Smart Growth America. n.d.-c “Economic revitalization: Benefits of Complete Streets.”Accessed February 11, 2019. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/resources/economic-revitalization-benefits-of-complete-streets/.
USDOT (U.S. Department of Transportation). 2020. “MPO database—Transportation Planning Capacity Building Program.” U.S. Department of Transportation. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://www.planning.gov/mpo/.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 148Issue 1March 2022

History

Received: Oct 9, 2020
Accepted: Oct 8, 2021
Published online: Dec 1, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 1, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Doctoral Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Memphis, Engineering Admin Bldg room 302D, 3795 Central Ave, Memphis 38152, TN (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-5644. Email: [email protected]
Stephanie Ivey, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Memphis, Engineering Admin Bldg room 302D, 3795 Central Ave, Memphis 38152, TN. Email: [email protected]
Marian Levy [email protected]
Professor, School of Public Health, Univ. of Memphis, 230 Robison Hall, 3825 Desoto Ave, Memphis 38152, TN. Email: [email protected]
Director Emeritus, Intermodal Freight Transportation Institute, Univ. of Memphis Engineering Admin Bldg room 302D, 3795 Central Ave, Memphis 38152, TN. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-8993. Email: [email protected]
Paul Palazolo, Ph.D. [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Memphis, Engineering Science Bldg room 108A, 3817 Central Ave, Memphis 38152, TN. Email: [email protected]
Brian Waldron, Ph.D. [email protected]
Director, Center for Applied Earth Science and Engineering, Univ. of Memphis, Wilder Tower 9th floor, 3675 Alumni Ave, Memphis, TN. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share