Case Studies
Jul 26, 2021

Mode Choice Modeling for Educational Trips in a Medium-Sized City: Case Study of Abbottabad City, Pakistan

Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 147, Issue 4

Abstract

The lack of transportation planning in cities of developing countries is causing significant problems due to rapid urbanization and exponential population growth. For transportation planning and policy-making, mode choice model is an essential element. There is a notable difference between the travel behaviors of children and adults, but the mode choice for school-going children trips remains unacknowledged. This study aims to develop a model for educational trips in Abbottabad city, Pakistan, and identify the significant factors influencing the mode choice of educational trips. Using Slovin’s sampling method, 370 samples were collected, from which 310 were used for model calibration and 60 samples for validation purposes. The multinomial logit model was developed in SPSS. The analysis shows that gender, age, household income, total travel time, cost, and distance are the influential factors that affect students’ mode choice. It was also found that travel time by school bus and public transport significantly affected mode choice. Urban and transport planners can use this study for developing transportation policies for addressing the issues faced by students.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the reviewers for their valuable comments.

References

Almasri, E., and S. Alraee. 2013. “Factors affecting mode choice of work trips in developing cities—Gaza as a case study.” J. Transp. Technol. 03 (4): 247–259. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2013.34026.
Banik, B. K., A. I. Chowdhury, and S. K. Sarkar. 2009. “Study of traffic congestion in Sylhet city.” J. Indian Roads Congr. 70 (1): 75–86.
Basheer, M. A., P. van der Waerden, B. Kochan, T. Bellemans, and S. A. Raheel Shah. 2019. “Multi-stage trips: An exploration of factors affecting mode combination choice of travelers in England.” Transp. Policy 81: 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.06.007.
Du, M., and L. Cheng. 2018. “Better understanding the characteristics and influential factors of different travel patterns in free-floating bike sharing: Evidence from Nanjing, China.” Sustainability 10 (4): 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041244.
Du, M., L. Cheng, X. Li, and J. Yang. 2020. “Factors affecting the travel mode choice of the urban elderly in healthcare activity: Comparison between core area and suburban area.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 52: 101868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101868.
Ermagun, A., and A. Samimi. 2015. “Promoting active transportation modes in school trips.” Transp. Policy 37: 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.10.013.
Haider, M. 2014. “Pakistan’s Urbanization (Policy Brief Series).” Accessed February 23, 2020. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/PakistanUrbanization.HaiderPolicyBrief.pdf.
Hemmert, G. A. J., L. M. Schons, J. Wieseke, and H. Schimmelpfennig. 2018. “Log-likelihood-based pseudo-R2 in logistic regression.” Sociol. Methods Res. 47 (3): 507–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124116638107.
Hussain, H. D., A. M. Mohammed, A. D. Salman, R. A. A. O. K. Rahmat, and M. N. Borhan. 2007. “Analysis of transportation mode choice using a comparison of artificial neural network and multinomial logit models.” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 12 (5): 1483–1493. https://doi.org/http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2017/jeas_0317_5785.pdf.
Kelly, J. A., and M. Fu. 2014. “Sustainable school commuting–understanding choices and identifying opportunities.” J. Transp. Geogr. 34: 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.12.010.
Li, S., and P. Zhao. 2015. “The determinants of commuting mode choice among school children in Beijing.” J. Transp. Geogr. 46: 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.06.010.
McBain, C., and B. Caulfield. 2018. “An analysis of the factors influencing journey time variation in the cork public bike system.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 42: 641–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.09.030.
McDonald, N. C. 2007. “Children’s mode choice for the school trip: The role of distance and school location in walking to school.” Transportation 35 (1): 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-007-9135-7.
McFadden, D., and P. Zarembka. 1974. “Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior.” In Frontiers in econometrics, edited by P. Zarembka, 105–142. New York: Academic Press.
Meena, S., G. R. Patil, and A. Mondal. 2019. “Understanding mode choice decisions for shopping mall trips in metro cities of developing countries.” Transp. Res. Part F: Psychol. Behav. 64: 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.002.
Müller, S., S. Tscharaktschiew, and K. Haase. 2008. “Travel-to-school mode choice modelling and patterns of school choice in urban areas.” J. Transp. Geogr. 16 (5): 342–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.12.004.
Nagelkerke, N. J. D. 1991. “A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination.” Biometrika 78 (3): 691–692. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/78.3.691.
Rashid, I. 2016. “Of traffic jams in Abbottabad and suggested solutions.” The News.
Raza, A., I. A. Raja, and S. Raza. 2012. “Land-use change analysis of district Abbottabad, Pakistan: Taking advantage of GIS and remote sensing.” Anal. Sci. Vision 18 (1–2): 43–49.
Scheiner, J., O. Huber, and S. Lohmüller. 2019. “Children’s mode choice for trips to primary school: A case study in German suburbia.” Travel Behav. Soc. 15: 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2018.09.006.
Schwanen, T., and P. L. Mokhtarian. 2005. “What affects commute mode choice: Neighborhood physical structure or preferences toward neighborhoods?” J. Transp. Geogr. 13 (1): 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.001.
Sekhar, C. R. 2014. “Mode choice analysis: The data, the models and future ahead.” Int. J. Traffic Transp. Eng. 4 (3): 269–285. https://doi.org/10.7708/ijtte.2014.4(3).03.
Singh, N., and V. Vasudevan. 2018. “Understanding school trip mode choice—The case of Kanpur (India).” J. Transp. Geogr. 66: 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.12.007.
Slovin, E. 1960. “Slovin’s formula for sampling technique.” Accessed February 13, 2013. https://prudencexd.weebly.com/index.html.
So, Y., and W. F. Kuhfeld. 1995. “Multinomial logit models.” In SUGI 20 Conf. Proc., 1227–1234.
Tushara, T., P. Rajalakshmi, and B. I. Koshy. 2013. “Mode choice modelling for work trips in Calicut city.” Int. J. Innovative Technol. Exploring Eng. 3 (3): 106–113.
Whalen, K. E., A. Páez, and J. A. Carrasco. 2013. “Mode choice of university students commuting to school and the role of active travel.” J. Transp. Geogr. 31: 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.06.008.
Wilson, E. J., J. Marshall, R. Wilson, and K. J. Krizek. 2010. “By foot, bus or car: Children’s school travel and school choice policy.” Environ. Plann. A: Econ. Space 42 (9): 2168–2185. https://doi.org/10.1068/a435.
Zhang, R., E. Yao, and Z. Liu. 2017. “School travel mode choice in Beijing, China.” J. Transp. Geogr. 62: 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.06.001.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 147Issue 4December 2021

History

Received: Feb 23, 2020
Accepted: May 17, 2021
Published online: Jul 26, 2021
Published in print: Dec 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 26, 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Rida Hameed Lodhi [email protected]
Postgraduate Student, Dept of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. Email: [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Dept of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3157-1186. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

  • An Active School Transport Instrument to Measure Parental Intentions: The Case of Indonesia, Mathematics, 10.3390/math10203811, 10, 20, (3811), (2022).
  • The built environment impacts on route choice from home to school for rural students: A stated preference experiment, Frontiers in Public Health, 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1087467, 10, (2022).
  • Towards an integrated mobility system: The first and last mile solutions in developing countries; the case study of New Cairo, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 10.1016/j.trip.2021.100469, 12, (100469), (2021).

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share