Measuring the Smart Growth Pattern for Medium-Sized Cities
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 146, Issue 3
Abstract
“Smart growth” is an urban planning concept, valuing long-range sustainability of the city’s growth over short-term expansion, its focus embracing the 3Es of evaluation dimensions: i.e., economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental sustainability, each consisting of multiple indicators emphasizing heterogeneous aspects of the dimensions. In this study, 10 indicators are selected and a metric model is proposed to quantify a city’s development pattern with respect to smart growth criteria, followed by a growth model evaluating the patterns toward the 3Es of the smart growth. The models are then tested in two cities (Dunhuang, China, and Bonn, Germany). Their magnitudes in smart growth are measured by evaluating their current growth plans in the light of the smart growth metrics. Results of the robust test for population expansion for each city indicate that the method proposed in this study is, in fact, quite effective in evaluating the smart growth pattern for medium-sized cities.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
The data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available upon request.
The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their efforts. This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant [18BJL075]; Sichuan University Innovation Fund under Grant [2018hhs-49]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant [JG2018-280,JBK2002051, and 2020YJG065]; Sichuan County Economic Development Research Center under Grant [xy2018023]; Sichuan Petroleum and Natural Gas Development Research Center under Grant [SKB18-02]; National Natural Science Foundation under Grant [71673226].
References
Adetokunbo, I., and M. Emeka. 2015. “Urbanization, housing, homelessness and climate change.” J. Des. Built Environ. 15 (2): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol15no2.3.
Badii, C., P. Bellini, D. Cenni, A. Difino, P. Nesi, and M. Paolucci. 2017. “Analysis and assessment of a knowledge-based smart city architecture providing service APIs.” Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 75: 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.05.001.
Bansal, N., V. Shrivastava, and J. Singh. 2015. “Smart urbanization: Key to sustainable cities. REAL CORP 2015. PLAN TOGETHER – RIGHT NOW – OVERALL. From vision to reality for vibrant cities and regions.” In Proc. 20th Int. Conf. on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society, edited by M. Schrenk, V. V. Popovich, P. Zeile, P. Elisei, and C. Beyer, 551–560. Ghent, Belgium: CORP - Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning.
Dong, F., R. Long, Q. Tan, D. Zhou, and J. Zhu. 2010. “An evaluation of resource-based city’s sustainable development level: A case study on Daqing City in Heilongjiang Province.” Resour. Sci. 32 (8): 1584–1591.
Elgadi, A. A., L. H. Ismail, W. A. A. Bargi, and A. S. Ali. 2016. “Selecting indicators for the sustainable development of residential neighborhoods in Tripoli, Libya.” In IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 160 of Int. Engineering Research and Innovation Symp. 24–25. Melaka, Malaysia: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Gaur, A., B. Scotney, G. Parr, and S. McClean. 2015. “Smart city architecture and its applications based on IoT.” Procedia Comput. Sci. 52: 1089–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.122.
Giffinger, R., H. Kramar, and G. Haindlmaier. 2010. “The role of rankings in growing city competition.” Urban Res. Pract. 3 (3): 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2010.524420.
Gong, B. Z. 2015. “A study of evaluation indicators and the method revisited.” Office Automation 2015 (02): 38–42.
Jia, T. 2017. “Dunhuang city’s report on the first session of the seventeenth people’s Congress by Taibing Jia.” www.dunhuang.gov.cn/zhengfuxinxigongkai/zfxxgkml/zhengfugongzuobaogao/20170104/203738724481b2.htm.
Jiang, H. L., L. D. Wang, and S. D. Zhang. 2013. “Smart city evaluation: The international experiences.” Digitated Public Affair 2013 (4): 10–17.
Karimian, H., Q. Li, and H. F. Chen. 2012. “Assessing urban sustainable development in Isfahan.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 253–255, 244–248. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.253-255.244.
Li, F., X. S. Liu, D. Hu, and R. S. Wang. 2007. “Evaluation method and its application for urban sustainable development.” [In Chinese.] Acta Ecol. Sin. 27: 4793–4802.
Ma, Y. 1985. “A brief analysis of the development of world cities.” Zhejiang’s Economy 9: 11–13.
Massana, J., C. Pous, L. Burgas, J. Melendez, and J. Colomer. 2017. “Identifying services for short-term load forecasting using data driven models in a Smart City platform.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 28: 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.09.001.
Shang, H. Y., and F. Su. 2010. “Evaluation and forecasting: Urban sustainable development of Wuwei City in Gansu Province.” Adv. Mater. Res. 113–116: 343–346. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.113-116.343.
Soyinka, O., K. W. M. Siu, T. Lawanson, and O. Adeniji. 2016. “Assessing smart infrastructure for sustainable urban development in the Lagos metropolis.” J. Urban Manage. 5 (2): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2017.01.001.
Tao, C., X. Ling, S. Guofeng, Y. Hongyong, and H. Quanyi. 2014. “Architecture for monitoring urban infrastructure and analysis method for a smart-safe city.” In 6th Int. Conf. on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, 151–154. New York: IEEE.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2001. Indicators of sustainable development: Guidelines and methodologies. New York: United Nations.
Uribe-Pérez, N., and C. Pous. 2017. “A novel communication system approach for a Smart City based on the human nervous system.” Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 76: 314–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.12.035.
Xiong, Z., Y. Zheng, and C. Li. 2014. “Data vitalization’s perspective towards smart city: A reference model for data service oriented architecture.” In 14th IEEE/ACM Int. Symp. on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, 865–874. New York: IEEE.
Zhang, W. M. 2004. “Evaluation of urban sustainable development based on entropy.” [In Chinese.] J. Xiamen Univ. 2: 109–115.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 146 • Issue 3 • September 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 27, 2018
Accepted: Oct 15, 2019
Published online: Apr 22, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Sep 22, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.