Urban Cluster–Based Sustainability Assessment of an Indian City: Case of Nagpur
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 145, Issue 4
Abstract
Most of the urban sustainability studies consider a city as a single entity to evaluate their sustainability performance. Indian cities are heterogeneous and a collage of many diverse entities that have a variety of built characteristics, termed as spatial clusters in this paper. The study presented in this paper aims at assessing sustainability of an Indian city at an appropriate microscale of clusters, a basic spatial unit, wherein the evaluation can be used as a diagnostic tool for improving sustainability. It identifies indicators within various sustainability domains and uses an indicator-based assessment method. Identification and categorization of various cluster typologies is done on the basis of morphology, development patterns, location, and occupants’ income range in Nagpur. Based on household survey data, performance of each cluster and cluster typology is compared, which helps in identifying and prioritizing issues and clusters for improvement. The paper contributes toward developing a framework of assessment that provides guidance to measure sustainability at a microscale of a cluster and also at a scale of a city cumulatively, under each domain.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study is a part of a research project funded by Human Settlement Management Institute (HSMI, under Housing and Urban Development Corporation), New Delhi. We like to express sincere gratitude to HSMI for providing the opportunity to carry out this research and to explore a pertinent field. We are extremely thankful to HSMI for funding the entire project. We like to take this opportunity to mention gratitude to Director, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, India, for providing all the support systems to carry this research work. We are thankful to Google Incorporation for their online maps and satellite images that added pace to the progress of research.
References
Alberti, M. 1996. “Measuring urban sustainability.” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 16 (4–6): 381–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(96)00083-2.
Allen, R. P. 2001. Well being of nations: A country-by-country index of quality of life and the environment. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Anielski, M. 2001. “Measuring the sustainability of nations: The genuine progress indicator system of sustainable wellbeing accounts.” In Proc., 4th Biennial Conf. of the Canadian Society for Ecological Economics: Ecological Sustainability of the Global Market Place. Montreal.
Barker, A. 2005. “Capacity building for sustainability: Towards community development in coastal Scotland.” J. Environ. Manage. 75 (1): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.002.
Baumann, H., and A.-M. Tillman. 2004. The Hitch Hiker’s guide to LCA: An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application. Los Angeles: Professional Publishing House.
Bragança, L., R. Mateus, and H. Koukkari. 2010. “Building sustainability assessment.” Sustainability 2 (7): 2010–2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2072010.
Campbell, S. 1996. “Green cities, growing cities, just cities? Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development.” J. Am. Plann. Assoc. 62 (3): 296. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369608975696.
CRISIL (Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited) and Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. 2015. “City development plan for Nagpur City—2041.” Ministry of Urban Development. Accessed April 27, 2016. http://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/files/Final%20CDP_Nagpur%20-Mar%2015.pdf.
Dahiya, B., and C. Pugh. 2000. “The localization of agenda 21 and the sustainable cities program.” In Sustainable cities in developing countries: Theory and practice at the millennium, edited by C. Puch, 152–184. London: Earthscan.
Devuyst, D. 2001. “Introduction to sustainability assessment at the local level.” In How green is the city: Sustainability assessment and the management of urban environs, edited by D. Devuyst, 1–41. New York: Columbia University Press.
Dizdaroglu, D., T. Yigitcanlar, and L. A. Dawes. 2012. “A micro-level indexing model assessing urban ecosystem sustainability.” Smart Sustainable Built Environ. 1 (3): 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1108/20466091211287155.
Dresner, S. 2008. “Taking sustainability into economics.” In The principles of sustainability, edited by S. Dresner. London: Earthscan.
Esty, D. C., M. Levy, T. Srebotnjak, and A. de Sherbinin. 2005. 2005 Environmental sustainability index benchmarking national environmental stewardship. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, Yale Univ.
European Commission. 2010. “Making our cities attractive and sustainable; how the EU contributes to improving the urban environment.” Belgium: European Union. Accessed May 9, 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/urban/cities_of_the_future.pdf.
Government of India. 2014. “Delimitation of constituencies.” Accessed April 4, 2017. http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/delimitation_faq.aspx.
Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. 2011.“ Population enumeration data.” Accessed April 28, 2015. http://www.censusindia.gov.in.
Government of Maharashtra. 2013. “Urban development department.” Accessed March 15, 2017. https://urban.maharashtra.gov.in/Sitemap/urban/pdf/Pt-I-A-Ex-131-538.pdf.
Hacker, K. P., K. C. Seto, F. Costa, J. Corburn, M. G. Reis, and A. I. Ko. 2013. “Urban slum structure: Integrating socioeconomic and land cover data to model slum evolution in Salvador, Brazil.” Int. J. Health Geographics 12 (1): 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-12-45.
Hanley, N., L. Dupuy, and E. McLaughlin. 2015. “Genuine savings and sustainability.” Environ. Econ. 29 (4): 779–806.
IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development). 2017. “Library: The dashboard of sustainability brochure.” Accessed December 27, 2017. http://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/measure_dashboard_brochure.pdf.
James, G., D. Witten, T. Hastie, and R. Tibshirani. 2013. An Introduction to Statistical Learning: With Applications in R. New York: Springer.
James, P. 2014. Urban sustainability in theory and practice: Circles of sustainability. London: Routledge.
James, P. 2015. “Measuring community sustainability: The social life questionnaire.” In Urban sustainability in theory and practice, edited by P. James. New York: Earthscan Routledge.
Jat, M. K., M. Choudhary, and A. Saxena. 2017. “Urban growth assessment and prediction using RS, GIS and SLEUTH model for a heterogeneous urban fringe.” Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Space Sci. 20 (2): 223–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.02.002.
Jenks, M., and C. Jones. 2010. “Issues and concept.” In Dimensions of sustainability, edited by M. Jenks and C. Jones, 1–18. New York: Springer.
Kalton, G. 1983. Vol. 7 of Introduction to survey sampling. London: Sage.
Kaly, U., C. Pratt, and J. Mitchell. 2004. The environmental vulnerability index (EVI). Ireland, Italy: United Nations Environment Programme.
Kamal, A., and N. Proma. 2017. “Spatial modeling for sustainable residential infill in Texas peri-urban communities.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 143 (2): 04016036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000372.
Klemes, J., ed. 2015. Assessing and measuring environmental impact and sustainability. Burlington, NJ: Elsevier.
Linnér, B.-O., and H. Selin. 2013. “The United Nations conference on sustainable development: Forty years in the making.” Environ. Plann. C Politics Space 31 (6): 971–987. https://doi.org/10.1068/c12287.
Marcotullio, P. J. 2001. “Asian urban sustainability in the era of globalization.” Habitat Int. 25 (4): 577–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-3975(01)00025-X.
Mega, V. P. 2016. “Our city, our future: Towards sustainable development in European cities.” Environ. Urbanization 8 (1): 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/095624789600800111.
Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011 “Population finder 2011.” Accessed February 15, 2019. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/B-series/B-Series-01.html.
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. 2016. “National mission on sustainable habitat.” Accessed April 27, 2017. http://www.moud.gov.in/cms/National-Mission-on-Sustainable-Habitat.php.
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. 2017. “Acts and rules.” Accessed March 15, 2017. http://moud.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files//ConsAct74.pdf.
Mori, K., and A. Christodoulou. 2012. “Review of sustainability indices and indicators: Towards a new city sustainability index (CSI).” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 32 (1): 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2011.06.001.
Munda, G. 2005. “Measuring sustainability: A multi-criterion framework.” Environ. Dev. Sustainability 7 (1): 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-003-4713-0.
Nagpur Municipal Corporation. 2008. Slum atlas of Nagpur. Nagpur, India: Nagpur Municipal Corporation.
Ness, B., E. Urbel-Piirsalu, S. Anderberg, and L. Olsson. 2007. “Categorizing tools FOS sustainability assessment.” Ecol. Econ. 60 (3): 498–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.07.023.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development). 2008. Handbook on constructing composite indicators: Methodology and user guide. Paris: OECD.
Pardo, C. F. 2011. “Sustainable urban transport.” In Shanghai manual—A guide for sustainable urban development in the 21st century: Better city, better life. New York: United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs.
Poveda, C. A., and M. G. Lipsett. 2011. “A review of sustainability assessment and sustainability/environmental rating systems and credit weighting tools.” J. Sustainable Dev. 4 (6): 36. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n6p36.
Ravetz, J. 2000. “Integrated Assessment for sustainability appraisal in cities and regions.” Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 20 (1): 31–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(99)00037-2.
Reddy, B., and P. Balachandra. 2013. “Benchmarking urban sustainability—A composite index for Mumbai and Bangalore.” Mumbai: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research. Accessed June 18, 2015. http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2013-008.pdf.
Saisana, M., and L. Huergo. 2008. Knowledge economy indicators, Workpage 5; Applied Sensitivity Analysis of Composite Indicators with R: Deliverable 5.5. Ispra, Italy: Luis Huergo.
Sala, S., B. Ciuffo, and P. Nijkamp. 2015. “A systemic framework for sustainability assessment.” Ecol. Econ. 119 (Nov): 314–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.09.015.
Shi, Y.-S., and Y.-C. Huang. 2013. “Relationship between morphological characteristics and land-use intensity: Empirical analysis of Shanghai development zones.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 139 (1): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000134.
Singh, R. K., H. Murty, S. Gupta, and A. Dikshit. 2012. “An overview of sustainability assessment methodologies.” Ecol. Indic. 15 (1): 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.01.007.
Stapenhurst, T. 2009. The benchmarking book: A how-to guide to best practice for managers and practitioners. London: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
Survey of India. 2017. “Outline maps of India.” Accessed April 25, 2017. http://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/pages/display/122-outline-maps-of-india.
TERI (Tata Energy Research Institute). 2011. Sustainable development in India: Stocktaking in the run up to Rio+20. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
Town and Country Planning Organization. 2016. Model building by-laws- 2016. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.
UNCHS (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements). 2001. “The state of the world’s cities report 2001.” Accessed June 18, 2015. http://www.un.org/ga/Istanbul+5/116.pdf.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). n.d. “Human development reports.” Accessed May 19, 2017. http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev.
UNEP and MAP (United Nations Environment Programme and Mediterranean Action Plan). 2016. Mediterranean strategy for sustainable development 2016–2025. Athens, Greece: UNEP and MAP.
UNHABITAT. 2012. “Section-III: A framework for urban sustainability.” In Sustainable urbanization in Asia: A sourcebook for local governments, edited by B. Barth, J. Chong, B. Dahiya, Y. Kim, and T. Stellmach, Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
United Nations. 2000. Millennium development goals report. New York: United Nations.
United Nations. 2005. Designing household survey samples: Practical guidelines. New York: Dept. of Economics and Social Affairs, Statistics Division.
Vojnovic, I., ed. 2012. Urban sustainability: Global perspective. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
Vreeker, R., M. Deakin, and S. Curwell. 2009. Sustainable urban development volume 3: A toolkit for assessment. London: Routledge.
Wackernagel, M., and W. E. Rees. 1997. “Perceptual and structural barriers to investing in natural capital: Economics from an ecological footprint perspective.” Ecol. Econ. 20 (1): 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(96)00077-8.
WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development). 2004. Mobility 2030: Meeting the challenges to sustainability. Geneva: WBCSD.
Wlliams, R. A. 2000. “Environmental planning for sustainable urban development.” In Proc., 9th Annual Conf. and Exhibition on Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association. Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago: Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association.
WWF (World Wildlife Fund). 1998. Living planet index. Gland, Switzerland: WWF International.
Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, Yale University. 2005. 2005 environmental sustainability index: Benchmarking national environmental stewardship. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, Yale Univ.
Yigitcanlar, T., and D. Dizdaroglu. 2015. “Ecological approaches in planning for sustainable cities: A review of the literature.” Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage. 1 (2): 159–188. https://doi.org/10.7508/gjesm.2015.02.008.
Yigitcanlar, T., and F. Dur. 2010. “Developing a sustainability assessment model: The sustainable infrastructure, land-use, environment and transport model.” Sustainability 2 (1): 321–340. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2010321.
Yigitcanlar, T., F. Dur, and D. Dizdaroglu. 2015a. “Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach.” Habitat Int. 45 (Jan): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.033.
Yigitcanlar, T., M. Kamruzzaman, and S. Teriman. 2015b. “Neighborhood sustainability assessment: Evaluating residential development sustainability in a developing country context.” Sustainability 7 (3): 2570–2602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7032570.
Yigitcanlar, T., and S. Teriman. 2015. “Rethinking sustainable urban development: Towards an integrated planning and development process.” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12 (1): 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0491-x.
Zuleeg, F. 2010. European economic sustainability index. Brussels, Belgium: European Policy Centre.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 145 • Issue 4 • December 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 9, 2017
Accepted: Mar 20, 2019
Published online: Oct 1, 2019
Published in print: Dec 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Mar 1, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.