Land Use, Land Cover, and Population Density Impact on the Formation of Canopy Urban Heat Islands through Traverse Survey in the Nagpur Urban Area, India
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 142, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper discusses an observational study that explored the impact of land use/land cover, and population density on the formation of canopy UHI in Nagpur. The study aims to compare the canopy UHI hotspots and heat sinks with respect to urban land use/land cover, and population density as the prominent determinants in urban areas. Traverse surveys were carried during the summer and winter seasons, 2012–2014, to measure nocturnal mean canopy UHI intensity. The nocturnal mean canopy UHI intensity was observed as 2.14°C during summer and 2.36°C during winter traverse surveys within Nagpur. Canopy UHI effects were found to be most prevailing in high building density and high population density areas. Densely populated areas with less vegetation exhibited the highest canopy UHI hotspots and areas with the least canopy UHI are the heat sink spots. The impact of vegetation is negative because it weakens the canopy UHI effect. On the contrary, population density could strengthen the canopy UHI effect in this case study. The study concludes that changes in land use/land cover of any specific land parcel and their respective vegetation cover and population density distribution lead to canopy UHI formation in Nagpur, India, urban areas. There is a need to frame a strategic mitigation plan with respect to land use/land cover classes and population density distribution within Nagpur urban areas to avoid further formation of canopy UHI and achieve urban sustenance.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Rresearch Organisation, Hydrabad, India, for providing LU/LC data required for the research purpose. We also thank the Population Census (2011), India, for providing us with the related information about the population of Nagpur city.
References
Ansar, S., et al. (2012). “A study of urban/rural cooling rates in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.” J. Ind. Geophys. Union, 16(1), 29–36.
ArcGIS [Computer software]. Redlands, CA, ESRI.
Arnfield, A. J. (2003). “Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water and urban heat island.” Int. J. Climatol., 23(1), 1–26.
Badarinath, K. V. S., Kiran Chand, T. R., Madhavi Latha, K., and Raghavaswamy, V. (2005). “Studies of urban heat island using ENVISAT AATSR data.” J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., 33, 495–501.
Bahl, H. D., and Padmanabhmurty, B. (1979). “Heat Island studies at Delhi.” Mausam, 30, 119–122.
Bourbia, F., Bouchahm, Y., and Mansouri, O. (2010). “The influence of Albedo on the urban microclimatic street canyon.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design, ASCAAD, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain, 159–169.
Cheng, X., Wei, B., Chen, G., Li, J., and Song, C. (2014). “Influence of park size and its surrounding urban landscape patterns on the park cooling effect.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., A4014002.
Das, Y., and Padmanabhamurty, B. (2008). “Energy balance of a suburban vegetated area in a tropical city-Delhi (India).” J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 50(2), 103–110.
Devi, S. S. (2006). “Urban heat islands and environmental impact.” 6th Symp. Urban Environment (86th AMS Annual Meeting), Andhra Univ., Visakhapatnam, India.
Deyong, Y., Jiang, Y., Kang, M., Tian, Y., and Duan, J. (2011). “Integrated urban land-use planning based on improving ecosystem service: Panyu case, in a typical developed area of China.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 448–458.
Gomez, F., Jabaloyes, J., Luis Montero, L., Vicente, V., and Valcuende, M. (2011). “Green areas, the most significant indicator of the sustainability of cities: Research on their utility for urban planning.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 311–328.
Gomez, F., Jabaloyes, J., and Vano, E. (2004). “Green zones in the future of urban planning.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 94–100.
Gopalkrishnan, S., Krishna, R., and Sharan, M. (2003). “Some signatures of urban heat patches in southern India.” Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 69(5), 603–614.
Gupta, A., Dey, V., and Goel, A. (2009). “Mitigation of thermal pollution to enhance urban air quality through remote sensing and GIS.” 10th ESRI India User Conf. 2009 Noida (NCR), Noida, India.
Jayanthi, N. (1988). “Heat Island study over Madras and neighbourhood.” Regional Meteorological Centre, Madras, India.
Jusuf, S. K., Wong, N. H., Hagen, E., Anggoro, R., and Hong, Y. (2007). “The influence of land use on the urban heat island in Singapore.” Habitat Int., 31, 232–242.
Katpatal, Y. B., Kute, A., and Satapathy, D. R. (2008). “Surface- and air-temperature studies in relation to land use/ land cover of Nagpur urban area using Landsat 5 TM data.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 110–118.
Kottmeier, C., Biegert, C., and Corsmeier, U. (2007). “Effects of urban land use on surface temperature in Berlin: Case study.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 128–137.
Liang, B., and Weng, Q. (2008). “Multiscale analysis of census-based land surface temperature variations and determinants in Indianapolis, United States.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 129–139.
Mills, G. (2008). “Luke Howard and the climate of London.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.195/epdf.
Mohan, M., Kikegawa, Y., Gurjar, B. R., Bhati, S., Kandya, A., and Ogawa, K. (2012). “Urban heat island assessment for a tropical urban airshed in India.” Atmos. Clim. Sci., 2, 127–138.
Mohan, M., Pathan, S. K., Narendrareddy, K., Kandya, A., and Pandey, S. (2011). “Dynamics of urbanization and its impact on land-use/ land-cover: A case study.” J. Environ. Prot., 2(9), 1274–1283.
Oke, T. R., Yap, D., and Maxwell, G. B. (1972). “Comparison of urban rural cooling rates at night.” Conf. on Urban Environment and 2nd Conf. on Biometeorology, Philadelphia, 17–21.
Oke, T. R. (1982). “The energetic basis of the urban heat Island.” Q. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc., 108, 1–24.
Oke, T. R. (1995). “Classics in physical geography—Climatological studies in Uppsala.” Progr. Phys. Geogr., 19, 107–113.
Oke, T. R. (1997). “Urban climates and global change.” Applied climatology: Principles & practices, Routledge, London, 273–287.
Oke, T. R. (2006). “Initial guidance to obtain representative meteorological observations at urban sites.” World Meteorological Organization, Vancouver, Canada.
Oke, T. R., and Stewart, I. D. (2009). “Classifying urban climate field sites by local climate zones the case of Nagano, Japan.” 7th Int. Conf. on Urban Climate, Yokohama.
Padmanabhamurty, B., and Bahl, H. D. (1982). “Some physical features of heat and humidity islands at Delhi.” Mausam, 33, 211–216.
Population Census. (2001). “2001 census data reports by government of India.” Nagpur Municipal Corporation Office, Nagpur, India.
Population Census. (2011). “2011 census data reports by government of India.” Nagpur Municipal Corporation Office, Nagpur, India.
Priyadarsini, R., Wong, N. H., and David, C. K. W. (2008). “Microclimatic modeling of the urban thermal environment of Singapore to mitigate urban heat island.” Solar Energy, 82(8), 727–745.
Roth, M., Oke, T. R., and Emery, W. J. (1989). “Satellite derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and utilisation of such data in urban climatology.” Int. J. Rem. Sens., 10(11), 1699–1720.
Stewart, I. D., and Oke, T. R. (2012). “Local climate zones for urban temperature studies.” Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1879–1900.
Su, W., Gu, C., and Yang, G. (2010). “Assessing the impact of land use/ land cover on urban heat island pattern in Nanging City, China.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 365–372.
Taha, H. (1997). “Urban climates and heat islands: Albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat.” Energy Build., 25(2), 99–103.
Thomas, G., and Zachariah, E. J. (2011). “Urban heat island in a tropical city interlaced by wetlands.” J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 5, 234–240.
Toy, S., and Yilmaz, S. (2010). “Evaluation of 10-year temperature differences between urban and rural areas of a well-planned, unindustrialized, and medium-sized Turkish Town, Erzincan.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 349–356.
UN-Habitat (United Nations-Habitat). (2011). “Cities and climate change, global report on human settlements 2011, London.” Washington, DC.
Voogt, J. A. (2002). “Urban heat island.” Encyclopedia of global environmental change, T. Munn, Vol. 3, Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 660–666.
Voogt, J. A. (2004). Urban heat Island: Hotter cities, American Institute of Biological Sciences, Reston, VA.
Voogt, J. A., and Oke, T. R. (1997). “Complete urban surface temperatures.” J. Appl. Meteorl., 36, 1117–1132.
Voogt, J. A., and Oke, T. R. (2003). “Thermal remote sensing of urban climates.” Rem. Sens. Environ., 86(3), 370–384.
Weng, Q. (2001). “A remote sensing-GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact of on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta, China.” Int. J. Rem. Sens., 22(10), 1999–2014.
Wilhelmi, O., Purvis, K., and Harriss, R. (2004). “Designing a geospatial Information infrastructure for mitigation of heat wave hazards in urban areas.” Nat. Hazard. Rev., 147–158.
Wong, K. V., Paddon, A., and Jimenez, A. (2013). “Review of world urban heat island: Many linked to increased mortality.” J. Energy Resour. Technol., 135(2), 022101.
Wong, N. H., and Jusuf, S. K. (2009). “Air temperature distribution and the influence of sky view factor in a green Singapore estate.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 136(3), 261–272.
Wong, N. H., and Jusuf, S. K. (2010). “Air temperature distribution and the influence of sky view factor in a green Singapore estate.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 261–272.
Wong, N. H., and Yu, C. (2005). “Study of green areas and urban heat island in a tropical city.” Habitat Int., 29(3), 547–558.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 142 • Issue 1 • March 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 20, 2014
Accepted: Dec 29, 2014
Published online: Apr 29, 2015
Discussion open until: Sep 29, 2015
Published in print: Mar 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.