Employment Distribution and Land-Use Structure in the Metropolitan Area of Columbus, Ohio
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 141, Issue 4
Abstract
Land-use structure variables derived from landscape ecology theory are introduced into traditional employment density models based on the distance to the major central business district in the monocentric framework or on distances to multiple employment centers in the polycentric framework. Four groups of land use indexes related to size, complexity, diversity, and neighborhood are computed for the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. Models are first constructed for each of its seven counties separately and then combined to form a complete metropolitan-level model. The spatial error model (SEM) is used to account for the spatial autocorrelation that characterizes the data. The results show that distances to both Columbus and county central business districts (CBDs) are strong employment density determinants but also show that land-use structure, measured by the dominance index and the mean edge contrast index, is an important employment density factor. The predictive capability of the model is validated by estimating it over six counties and using it to estimate the density pattern in the omitted county.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Adolphson, M. (2009). “Estimating a polycentric urban structure. Case study: Urban changes in the Stockholm region 1991–2004.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 19–30.
Baumont, C., Ertur, C., and Le Gallo, J. (2004). “Spatial analysis of employment and population density: The case of the agglomeration of Dijon 1999.” Geog. Anal., 36(2), 146–176.
Carlino, G. A., Chatterjee, S., and Hunt, R. M. (2007). “Urban density and the rate of invention.” J. Urban Econ., 61(3), 389–419.
Cervero, R., and Wu, K. A. (1998). “Sub-centring and commuting: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay area, 1980–90.” Urban Stud., 35(7), 1059–1076.
Chakravorty, S. (2000). “From colonial city to global city? The far-from-complete spatial transformation of Calcutta.” Globalizing cities: A new spatial order? P. Marcuse and R. van Kempen, eds., Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, U.K.
Coffey, W. J., and Shearmur, R. G. (2001). “The identification of employment centres in Canadian metropolitan areas: The example of Montreal, 1996.” Can. Geogr., 45(3), 371–386.
Conroy, M. (2004). “EcoCity Columbus: Using an Ohio State University planning class to bring sustainability concepts to Columbus, Ohio.” Int. J. Sustain. Higher Edu., 5(2), 199–212.
Deitz, R. (1998). “A joint model of residential and employment location in urban areas.” J. Urban Econ., 44(2), 197–215.
Erikson, R. (1982). “Employment density variation in Baltimore metropolitan area.” Environ. Plann., 14(5), 591–601.
Gaschet, F. (2002). “The new intra-urban dynamics: Suburbanisation and functional specialisation in French cities.” Pap. Reg. Sci., 81(1), 63–81.
Giuliano, G., and Small, K. (1991). “Subcenters in the Los Angeles region.” Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 21(2), 163–182.
Gordon, P., Richardson, H., and Wong, H. (1986). “The distribution of populations and employment in a polycentric city: The case of Los Angeles.” Environ. Plann., 18(2), 161–173.
Guillain, R., Le Gallo, J., and Boiteux-Orain, C. (2006). “Changes in spatial and sectoral patterns of employment in Ile-de-France, 1978–97.” Urban Stud., 43(11), 2075–2098.
Gustafson, E. (1998). “Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: What is the state of the art?” Ecosystems, 1(2), 143–156.
Heikkila, E., Gordon, P., Kim, J. I., Peiser, R. B., Richardson, H. W., and Dale-Johnson, D. (1989). “What happened to the CBD-distance gradient? Land value in a polycentric city.” Environ. Planning A, 21(2), 221–232.
Holloway, S., Bryan, D., Chabot, R., Rogers, D. M., and Rulli, J. (1998). “Exploring the effect of public housing on the concentration of poverty in Columbus, Ohio.” Urban Affairs Rev., 33(6), 767–789.
LeSage, J., and Pace, K. (2009). Introduction to spatial econometrics, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Li, X., Liu, L., and Dong, X. (2011). “Quantitative analysis of urban expansion using RS and GIS, a case study in Lanzhou.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 459–469.
Lu, J., and Guldmann, J. (2012). “Landscape ecology, land-use structure, and population density: Case study of the Columbus Metropolitan Area.” Landscape and Urban Plann., 105(1–2), 74–85.
McDonald, J., and Prather, P. (1994). “Suburban employment centers: The case of Chicago.” Urban Stud., 31(2), 201–218.
McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. A., Neel, M. C., and Ene, E. (2012). FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical maps, 〈http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html〉 (Jun. 8, 2012).
McMillen, D., and McDonald, J. (1998). “Suburban subcenters and employment density in metropolitan Chicago.” J. Urban Econ., 43(2), 157–180.
McMillen, D. P. (2004). “Employment densities, spatial autocorrelation, and subcenters in large metropolitan areas.” J. Reg. Sci., 44(2), 225–244.
Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC). (2014). 〈http://www.morpc.org/〉 (Jun. 8, 2014).
Mills, E. S. (1972). Studies in the structure of the urban economy, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Mills, E. S. (1992). “The measurement and determinants of suburbanization.” J. Urban Econ., 32(3), 377–387.
National Land Cover Database (NLCD). (2014). “National land cover dataset 1992 (NLCD 1992).” 〈http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd92_data.php〉 (Jun. 8, 2014).
O’Neill, R. V., et al. (1988). “Indices of landscape pattern.” Landscape Ecol., 1(3), 153–162.
SAS [Computer software]. Cary, NC, SAS Institute.
Schmenner, R. (1981). “The rent gradient for manufacturing.” J. Urban Econ., 9(1), 90–96.
Shi, Y., and Huang, Y. (2013). “Relationship between morphological characteristics and land-use intensity: Empirical analysis of Shanghai development zones.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 49–61.
Shukla, V., and Waddell, P. (1991). “Firm location and land use in discrete urban space: A study of the spatial structure of Dallas-Fort Worth.” Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 21(2), 225–253.
Small, K. A., and Song, S. (1994). “Population and employment densities: Structure and change.” J. Urban Econ., 36(3), 292–313.
Sridhar, K. (2007). “Density gradients and their determinants: Evidence from India.” Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 37(3), 314–344.
Tilman, D., and Kareiva, P. (1997). Spatial ecology: The role of space in population dynamics and interspecific interactions, Cambridge University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Turner, M. G., Gardner, R. H., and O’Neill, R. V. (2001). Landscape ecology in theory and practice, Springer, New York.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2014). “Commuting (journey to work).” 〈https://www.census.gov/hhes/commuting/links/〉 (Jun. 4, 2014).
U.S. Geological Survey. (2000). “National land cover data product description.” 〈http://eros.usgs.gov/products/landcover/nlcd.html〉 (Jun. 4, 2014).
White, R., Uljee, I., and Engelen, G. (2012). “Integrated modelling of population, employment and land-use change with a multiple activity-based variable grid cellular automaton.” Int. J. Geog. Inf. Sci., 26(7), 1251–1280.
Wu, F. (1998). “Polycentric urban development and land-use change in a transitional economy: The case of Guangzhou.” Environ. Plann. A, 30(6), 1077–1100.
Wu, F., and Yeh, A. (1997). “Changing spatial distribution and determinants of land development in Chinese cities in the transition from a centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy: A case study of Guangzhou.” Urban Stud., 34(11), 1851–1879.
Zhou, B., and Kockelman, K. M. (2008). “Neighborhood impacts on land use change: A multinomial logit model of spatial relationships.” Ann. Reg. Sci., 42(2), 321–340.
Zhou, B., and Kockelman, K. M. (2009). “Predicting the distribution of households and employment: A seemingly unrelated regression model with two spatial processes.” J. Transp. Geogr., 17(5), 369–376.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 141 • Issue 4 • December 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 4, 2013
Accepted: Jun 18, 2014
Published online: Sep 26, 2014
Discussion open until: Feb 26, 2015
Published in print: Dec 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.