Bilevel Programming Model for Locating Park-and-Ride Facilities
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 140, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper develops a bilevel programming model to locate park-and-ride (P&R) facilities with the capability of capturing the interactions between decision makers and commuters. The upper-level model represents the authorities’ locating decision with the objective of maximizing the total social welfare (SW); the lower-level model is a stochastic user equilibrium one simulating commuters’ reactive behaviors, which in turn affects the P&R location decision at the upper level. The paper designs a scenario to compare the solutions under the optimization criterion of SW with that under two others: consumer surplus and producer surplus. Results indicate that adopting SW maximization as the optimization objective leads to a win-win outcome for both P&R service providers and users. The paper uses Chengdu City (in China) as a case study, and it is demonstrated that the proposed P&R locating framework is applicable to a large-scale network and compatible with the regional transportation planning procedure.
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Acknowledgments
The research is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC-71271176 and NSFC-71103148). The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 140 • Issue 3 • September 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 15, 2012
Accepted: Aug 29, 2013
Published online: Aug 30, 2013
Discussion open until: Jul 6, 2014
Published in print: Sep 1, 2014
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