Study of Employee Carsharing on the University Campus
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 139, Issue 4
Abstract
This manuscript analyzes personal and carsharing consumption characteristics of alternative commuters of the same university in Los Angeles, California. The paper finds that: (1) one can achieve a reasonably high carsharing rate among university employees, particularly employees commuting by alternative modes other than driving alone, female employees, and employees whose income is lower than the median income of all the employees; (2) university employees’ participation rate in the carsharing program is lower than the students’ and thus, the latter contributes more to the existing argument that a university campus is a niche market for carsharing; (3) commuter benefits are not only correlated to the employee participation rate of a carsharing program, but also to the behavior of the participants: their frequency and quantity of carsharing consumption and when to carshare; (4) free hours do not necessarily increase the carsharing consumption of employee carsharers who are eligible for these hours; (5) one does not need a large number of shared vehicles to satisfy the needs of employee carsharers at the place of work.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Blair, A., and Dotson, J. (2011). Carsharing in a small city: Ithaca Carshare’s first two years, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and New York State Department of Transportation, Albany, NY.
Bonsall, P. (2002). Car share and car clubs: Potential impacts, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Burkhardt, J., and Millard-Ball, A. (2006). “Who is attracted to carsharing?”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 98–105.
Cervero, R. (2003). “City CarShare: First-year travel-demand impacts.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 159–166.
Cervero, R., Golub, A., and Nee, B. (2006). San Francisco City CarShare: Longer-term travel-demand and car ownership impacts, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Univ. of California, Berkeley.
Cervero, R., and Tsai, Y. (2004). “City CarShare in San Francisco, California: Second-year travel demand and car ownership ompacts.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 117–127.
Duncan, M. (2011). “The cost saving potential of carsharing in a US context.” Transport, 38(2), 363–382.
Fellows, N. T., and Pitfield, D. E. (2000). “An economic and operational evaluation of urban car-sharing.” Transport Res. Transport Environ., 5(1), 1–10.
Giuliano, G. (2004). “Land use impacts of transportation investment: Highway and transit.” The geography of urban transportation, S. Hanson and G. Giuliano, eds., Guilford Press, New York.
Habib, K. M. N., Morency, C., Islam, M. T., and Grasset, V. (2012). “Modelling users’ behaviour of a carsharing program: Application of a joint hazard and zero inflated dynamic ordered probability model.” Transport Res. Pol. Pract., 46(2), 241–254.
Katzev, R. (2003). “Car sharing: A new approach to urban transportation problems.” Anal. Soc. Issues Public Policy, 3(1), 65–86.
Katzev, R., Brook, D., and Nice, M. (2001). “The effects of car sharing on travel behaviour: Analysis of CarSharing Portland’s first year.” World Transp. Pol. Pract., 7(1), 20–26.
Lane, C. (2005). “PhillyCarShare: First-year social and mobility impacts of carsharing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 158–166.
Litman, T. (2000). “Evaluating carsharing benefits.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 31–35.
Litman, T. (2009). “Win-win emission reduction strategies.” Econ. Manage. Fin. Markets, 4(1), 113–131.
Martin, E. W., Shaheen, S., and Lidicker, J. (2010). “Carshairng’s impact on household vehicle holdings: Results from a North Ameican shared-use vehicle survey.” Transportation Research Board 2010 Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Martin, E. W., and Shaheen, S. A. (2011). “Greenhouse gas emission impacts of carsharing in North America.” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst., 12(4), 1074–1086.
Meijkamp, R. (1998). “Changing consumer behaviour through eco-efficient services: An empirical study of car sharing in the Netherlands.” Bus. Strat. Environ., 7(4), 234–244.
Millard-Ball, A. (2005). “Car-sharing: Where and how it succeeds.”, Federal Transit Administration, Transit Cooperative Research Program, Washington, DC.
Nobis, C. (2006). “Carsharing as key contribution to multimodal and sustainable mobility behavior: Carsharing in Germany.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 89–97.
Prettenthaler, F. E., and Steininger, K. W. (1999). “From ownership to service use lifestyle: the potential of car sharing.” Ecol. Econ., 28(3), 443–453.
Shaheen, S. (2001). “Commuter-based carsharing: Market miche potential.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 178–183.
Shaheen, S., and Cohen, A. (2007). “Growth in worldwide carsharing: An international comparison.”, Transportation Research Board, 81–89.
Shaheen, S., Cohen, A., and Chung, M. (2009). “North American carsharing.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 35–44.
Shaheen, S., Meyn, M., and Wipyewski, K. (2003). “U.S. shared-use vehicle survey findings on carsharing and station car growth: Obstacles and oppportunities.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 90–98.
Shaheen, S., Sperling, D., and Wagner, C. (1998). “Carsharing in Europe and North America: Past, present, and future.” Transp. Q., 52(3), 35–52.
Shaheen, S., and Wright, J. (2001). ‘The Carlink II pilot program: Testing A commuter-based carsharing model.” 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Proc., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Oakland, CA.
Steininger, K., Vogl, C., and Zettl, R. (1996). “Car-sharing organizations: The size of the market segment and revealed change in mobility behavior.” Transp. Policy, 3(4), 177–185.
Stillwater, T., Mokhtarian, P., and Shaheen, S. (2009). “Carsharing and the built environment.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 27–34.
Toor, W., and Havlick, S. W. (2004). Transportation and sustainable campus communities: Issues, examples, solutions, Island Press, Washington, DC.
Transportation Research Board. (2005). Car-sharing: Where and how it succeeds, Washington, DC.
Truffer, B. (2003). “User-led Innovation Processes: The development of professional car sharing by environmentally concerned citizens.” Innovat. Eur. J. Soc. Sci. Res., 16(2), 139–154.
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Transportation. (2010). UCLA SCAQMD Commuter Survey, UCLA Transportation, Los Angeles.
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Transportation. (2012). University of California, Los Angeles state of the commute, UCLA, Los Angeles.
Weather2Travel.com. (2012). “Los Angeles climate guide.” 〈http://www.weather2travel.com〉 (Jul. 21, 2012).
Zheng, J., et al. (2009). “Carsharing in a university community.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 18–26.
Zhou, B., and Kockelman, K. M. (2011). “Opportunities for and impacts of carsharing: A survey of the Austin, Texas market.” Int. J. Sustainable Transp., 5(3), 135–152.
Zhou, J., and Schweitzer, L. (2011). “Getting drivers to switch: Transit price and service quality.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 474–483.
Zhou, J., Wang, Y., and Schweitzer, L. (2012). “Jobs/housing balance and employer-based travel demand management program returns to scale: Evidence from Los Angeles.” Transp. Policy, 20, 22–35.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 139 • Issue 4 • December 2013
Pages: 301 - 310
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 29, 2012
Accepted: Mar 29, 2013
Published online: Apr 3, 2013
Discussion open until: Sep 3, 2013
Published in print: Dec 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.