Development of Emission Factors for an Urban Road Network Based on Speed Distributions
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 9
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of incorporating speed distributions instead of average speeds to develop emission factors for emission estimations, this research collects large amounts of emission and traffic activity data. First, the relationship between emission factors and average speeds is developed. Second, speed distributions during daytime hours for classified roads are analyzed to find the speed distribution on the expressway followed the bimodal distribution; speed distributions on arterials and collectors followed the same distribution pattern, but with a single peak. Third, the research develops emission factors for the road network based on speed distributions, then compared these with those found using the traditional average-speed-based method. A comparative analysis shows even though both emission factors for these two distinct methods presented a similar variation trend, the results from the average-speed-based method were lower. The research identifies two reasons for those differences. First, speed distributions are flatter during peak hours, and secondly, the relationship between average speeds and emission factors is nonlinear in nature; thus, the relative differences in the low-speed fraction increased more significantly during peak hours.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of this paper by National Basic Research Program of China # 2012CB725403, the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) # 71273024 and 51208033, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant # 1137732, and the Fundamental Research Funds # 2016YJS078. The authors are thankful to all the personnel who either provided technical support or helped with data collection and processing.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 9 • September 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 2, 2015
Accepted: Feb 1, 2016
Published online: Apr 22, 2016
Published in print: Sep 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Sep 22, 2016
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