Cone Penetrometer with a Helical-Type Outer Screw Rod for Evaluation of the Subgrade Condition
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 2
Abstract
A weak railway subgrade may lead to instability of the railway track system. The condition of a railway subgrade is typically evaluated using trial pit excavation and a portable ballast sampler, which may severely disturb the ballast layer. Also, nondestructive geophysical techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), are used to investigate the condition of the ballast and subgrade along the track. The objective of this study is the development and application of a cone penetrometer with a helical-type outer screw rod (CPH) that minimizes the disturbance of the ballast layer for the evaluation of the subgrade condition by measuring the resistance of the cone tip. The CPH consists of a helical-type outer screw rod (helical rod) and a mini cone penetrometer inside the rod. The design concerns include easy installation of the helical rod into the ballast layer, the reaction force of the mini cone penetrometer, installation of the strain gauge, and calculation of the cone tip resistance. The helical rod, which penetrates into the ballast layer with a rotation force, provides the reaction force for the mini cone penetration test. The mini cone penetrometer with a diameter of 15 mm is pushed into the subgrade (sand layer) at the penetration rate of . In addition, dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) tests are carried out to compare the cone tip resistance with the DCP index (DCPI). Field application tests reveal that the cone tip resistance increases with an increase in the depth and is inversely proportional to the DCPI. On the basis of the cone tip resistance, the soil types of subgrade at three sites are classified as sandy silt to silty sand. This study suggests that the CPH may be a useful device for providing a reliable geotechnical parameter and estimating the subgrade condition with minimal disturbance of the ballast layer.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2011-0018110).
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Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 2 • February 2013
Pages: 115 - 122
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 10, 2012
Accepted: Sep 19, 2012
Published online: Sep 22, 2012
Published in print: Feb 1, 2013
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