Two-Dimensional Tidal Modeling Based on Synchronously Optimized Boundary Conditions: Case Study of Haizhou Bay of the Yellow Sea in China
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 3
Abstract
Due to the joint constraints of boundary conditions, including seabed topography, driven water level at open boundary (DWLOB), and bottom friction coefficient (BFC), the accuracy of tidal numerical modeling in coastal and offshore waters is still relatively low. A two-dimensional tide numerical model (2D-MIKE21) based on synchronously optimized boundary conditions was used to simulate a tidal model of the Haizhou Bay of the Yellow Sea in China. The water depth with higher resolution and accuracy than the charted depth was used as the seabed topography. The DWLOB was calculated from 13 tidal constituents (including the two long-period constituents, Sa and Ssa) of the regional tidal model of China’s seas, CST1. The calculation of the BFC takes into account the spatial variation of water depth. For validation, we compared the simulated water level heights in this article and the tidal forecasts from the CST1 model with the 1-month observations at three tide gauges in Haizhou Bay and six points altimetry data of Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3 satellites at the same time in 2007, which passed the modeling domain, and the former had a smaller root-mean square (RMS) than the latter. We compared the 13 dominant tidal constituents, which were from the 1-year simulated water level heights in this article by using tidal harmonic analysis and the one from the CST1 models, with that from the altimetry data of Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3 satellites between 2002 and 2019. The root sum square (RSS) of the former was 8.16 cm, and that of the latter was 8.94 cm.
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Data Availability Statement
All data in this study include water depth data, tide table data, tide gauge observation data, and Jason satellite altimetry data. All of these data can be provided by the corresponding author except for water depth and tide gauge observation data.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Shenzhen University for providing the charted depth of Haizhou Bay, tide tables, and observations of the tide gauges near Haizhou Bay. The authors would also like to thank the China Navigation Books Publishing House for providing the coastline data and the results of single-beam and multibeam echo sounding. Many thanks to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that were of great help to improve the article. This research was funded by Funding of Hunan Science and Technology Project (No. 2017RS3045) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2017YFC0601701, 2017YFC0601703, and 2016YFC0303002). This study is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41876103 and 41974005).
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Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 3 • August 2022
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© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 28, 2021
Accepted: Feb 2, 2022
Published online: Apr 27, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Sep 27, 2022
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