ColumnsNet: Neural Network Model for Constructing Interaction Diagrams and Slenderness Limit for FRP-RC Columns
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 8
Abstract
Predicting the axial capacity and behavior of concentrically, eccentrically, and slender loaded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-RC columns is not completely established, and the current design codes lack design provisions for FRP-RC columns. Rather, it requires ignoring the contribution of FRP bars in compression conservatively. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study proposes an artificial neural network (ANN)-based model capable of predicting the axial capacity and slenderness limit and constructing an interaction diagram for FRP-reinforced columns. The aforementioned model was trained with Bayesian regularization utilizing a comprehensive database of 241 tested FRP-RC columns. Parameters included in the model are column cross-sectional area, compressive strength, FRP elastic modulus, reinforcement ratio, eccentricity ratio, and slenderness ratio. The predictions of the ANN-based model match well with the experimental results of the compiled database; the model predictions have a COV of 15% and root-mean square error of 130 kN. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of parameters and ensure the generalizability of the proposed model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Data supporting the findings of this study are available in the article and from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Abdelazim, W., H. M. Mohamed, M. Z. Afifi, and B. Benmokrane. 2020a. “Proposed slenderness limit for glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete columns based on experiments and buckling analysis.” ACI Struct. J. 117 (1): 241–254.
Abdelazim, W., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2020b. “Inelastic second-order analysis for slender GFRP-reinforced concrete columns: Experimental investigations and theoretical study.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (3): 04020016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001019.
Abdelazim, W., H. M. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, and M. Z. Afifi. 2020c. “Effect of critical test parameters on behavior of glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete slender columns under eccentric load.” ACI Struct. J. 117 (4): 127–141.
Abedi, M., and M. Z. Naser. 2021. “RAI: Rapid, autonomous and intelligent machine learning approach to identify fire-vulnerable bridges.” Appl. Soft Comput. 113 (Dec): 107896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107896.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2015. Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP bars. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Afifi, M. Z., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2014. “Axial capacity of circular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (1): 04013017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000438.
Ahmad, A., M. Elchalakani, N. Elmesalami, A. El Refai, and F. Abed. 2021. “Reliability analysis of strength models for short-concrete columns under concentric loading with FRP rebars through artificial neural network.” J. Build. Eng. 42 (1): 102497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102497.
Cascardi, A., F. Micelli, and M. A. Aiello. 2017. “An artificial neural networks model for the prediction of the compressive strength of FRP-confined concrete circular columns.” Eng. Struct. 140 (3): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.047.
Choo, C. C., I. E. Harik, and H. Gesund. 2006. “Strength of rectangular concrete columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (3): 452–459.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2012. Design and construction of building components with fiber reinforced polymers. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
De Luca, A., F. Matta, and A. Nanni. 2010. “Behavior of full-scale glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete columns under axial load.” ACI Struct. J. 107 (5): 589–596.
Elchalakani, M., A. Karrech, M. Dong, M. Ali, and B. Yang. 2018. “Experiments and finite element analysis of GFRP reinforced geopolymer concrete rectangular columns subjected to concentric and eccentric axial loading.” Structures 14 (Jun): 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.04.001.
Elchalakani, M., and G. Ma. 2017. “Tests of glass fibre reinforced polymer rectangular concrete columns subjected to concentric and eccentric axial loading.” Eng. Struct. 151 (8): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.023.
Elmesalami, N., F. Abed, and A. E. Refai. 2021. “Concrete columns reinforced with GFRP and BFRP bars under concentric and eccentric loads: Experimental testing and analytical investigation.” J. Compos. Constr. 25 (2): 04021003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001115.
Gong, Y., and J. Zhang. 2009. “Experimental study of reinforced concrete eccentric compression columns with CFRP tendons.” China Civ. Eng. J. 42 (10): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.15951/j.tmgcxb.2009.10.012.
Guérin, M., H. M. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, A. Nanni, and C. K. Shield. 2018a. “Eccentric behavior of full-scale reinforced concrete columns with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars and ties.” ACI Struct. J. 115 (2): 489–499. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701107.
Guérin, M., H. M. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, C. K. Shield, and A. Nanni. 2018b. “Effect of glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement ratio on axial-flexural strength of reinforced concrete columns.” ACI Struct. J. 115 (4): 1049–1061. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701279.
Hadhood, A., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2017. “Axial load-moment interaction diagram of circular concrete columns reinforced with CFRP bars and spirals: Experimental and theoretical investigations.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (2): 04016092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000748.
Hadhood, A., H. M. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, A. Nanni, and C. K. Shield. 2019. “Assessment of design guidelines of concrete columns reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 116 (4): 193–207. https://doi.org/10.14359/51715663.
Hadhood, A. A. 2017. “Behavior, strength and flexural stiffness of circular concrete columns reinforced with FRP bars and spirals/hoops under eccentric loading.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sherbrooke, Canada.
Hadi, M. N., H. A. Hasan, and M. N. Sheikh. 2017. “Experimental investigation of circular high-strength concrete columns reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars and helices under different loading conditions.” J. Compos. Constr. 21 (4): 04017005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000784.
Hadi, M. N., H. Karim, and M. N. Sheikh. 2016. “Experimental investigations on circular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and helices under different loading conditions.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (4): 04016009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000670.
Hadi, M. N., and J. Youssef. 2016. “Experimental investigation of GFRP-reinforced and GFRP-encased square concrete specimens under axial and eccentric load, and four-point bending test.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (5): 04016020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000675.
Inel, M. 2007. “Modeling ultimate deformation capacity of RC columns using artificial neural networks.” Eng. Struct. 29 (3): 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.05.001.
Isleem, H. F., B. A. Tayeh, W. S. Alaloul, M. A. Musarat, and A. Raza. 2021. “Artificial neural network (ANN) and finite element (FEM) models for GFRP-reinforced concrete columns under axial compression.” Materials (Basel) 14 (23): 7172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237172.
Issa, M. S., I. M. Metwally, and S. M. Elzeiny. 2011. “Structural performance of eccentrically loaded GFRP reinforced concrete columns.” Int. J. Civ. Struct. Eng. 2 (1): 395–406.
Jani, D. B., M. Mishra, and P. K. Sahoo. 2016. “Performance prediction of rotary solid desiccant dehumidifier in hybrid air-conditioning system using artificial neural network.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 98 (12): 1091–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.112.
Karimipour, A., J. M. N. Abad, and N. Fasihihour. 2021. “Predicting the load-carrying capacity of GFRP-reinforced concrete columns using ANN and evolutionary strategy.” Compos. Struct. 275 (1): 114470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114470.
Khayet, M., and C. Cojocaru. 2012. “Artificial neural network modeling and optimization of desalination by air gap membrane distillation.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 86 (Feb): 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.11.001.
Khorramian, K., and P. Sadeghian. 2017. “Experimental and analytical behavior of short concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars under eccentric loading.” Eng. Struct. 151 (Nov): 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.064.
Khorramian, K., and P. Sadeghian. 2019. “Behavior of slender GFRP reinforced concrete columns.” In ASCE-SEI structures congress 2019. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Khorramian, K., and P. Sadeghian. 2020. “Experimental investigation of short and slender rectangular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars under eccentric axial loads.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (6): 04020072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001088.
Khorramian, K., P. Sadeghian, and F. Oudah. 2021. “Second-order analysis of slender GFRP reinforced concrete columns using artificial neural network.” In Proc., CSCE Annual Conf. Montreal, Canada: Canadian Society for Civil Engineering.
Kobayashi, K., and T. Fijisaki. 1995. “Compressive behavior of FRP reinforcement in non-prestressed concrete members.” In Vol. 29 of Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Symp. on Non-metallic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-2), 267. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Li, S., J. R. Liew, and M. X. Xiong. 2021. “Prediction of fire resistance of concrete encased steel composite columns using artificial neural network.” Eng. Struct. 245 (Oct): 112877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112877.
MacGregor, J. G., J. K. Wight, S. Teng, and P. Irawan. 1997. Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Maranan, G. B., A. C. Manalo, B. Benmokrane, W. Karunasena, and P. Mendis. 2016. “Behavior of concentrically loaded geopolymer-concrete circular columns reinforced longitudinally and transversely with GFRP bars.” Eng. Struct. 117 (Jun): 422–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.036.
Mirmiran, A., M. Shahawy, and T. Beitleman. 2001. “Slenderness limit for hybrid FRP-concrete columns.” J. Compos. Constr. 5 (1): 26–34.
Mohamed, H. M., M. Z. Afifi, and B. Benmokrane. 2014. “Performance evaluation of concrete columns reinforced longitudinally with FRP bars and confined with FRP hoops and spirals under axial load.” J. Bridge Eng. 19 (7): 04014020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000590.
Othman, Z. S., and A. H. Mohammad. 2019. “Behaviour of eccentric concrete columns reinforced with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer bars.” In Advances in civil engineering 2019. London: Hindawi.
Peng, F., and W. Xue. 2019. “Reliability analysis of eccentrically loaded concrete rectangular columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 116 (4): 275–284. https://doi.org/10.14359/51715634.
Raza, A., S. A. R. Shah, F. Ul Haq, H. Arshad, S. S. Raza, M. Farhan, and M. Waseem. 2020. “Prediction of axial load-carrying capacity of GFRP-reinforced concrete columns through artificial neural networks.” Structures 28 (2): 1557–1571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.10.010.
Salah-Eldin, A., H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane. 2019. “Structural performance of high-strength-concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and ties subjected to eccentric loads.” Eng. Struct. 185 (1): 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.143.
Shahin, M. A., M. B. Jaksa, and H. R. Maier. 2009. “Recent advances and future challenges for artificial neural systems in geotechnical engineering applications.” In Advances in artificial neural systems 2009. London: Hindawi.
Sharbatdar, M. K. 2003. “Concrete columns and beams reinforced with FRP bars and grids under monotonic and reversed cyclic loading.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Ottawa.
Solhmirzaei, R., H. Salehi, V. Kodur, and M. Z. Naser. 2020. “Machine learning framework for predicting failure mode and shear capacity of ultra high performance concrete beams.” Eng. Struct. 224 (Dec): 111221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111221.
Sun, L., M. Wei, and N. Zhang. 2017. “Experimental study on the behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete columns under eccentric axial load.” Constr. Build. Mater. 152 (Oct): 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.159.
Tarawneh, A., and S. Majdalaweyh. 2020. “Design and reliability analysis of FRP-reinforced concrete columns.” Structures 28 (Apr): 1580–1588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.10.009.
Tarawneh, A. N., H. M. Dwairi, G. S. Almasabha, and S. A. Majdalaweyh. 2021. “Effect of fiber-reinforced polymer-compression reinforcement in columns subjected to concentric and eccentric loading.” ACI Struct. J. 118 (3): 1–11.
Tikka, T. K., M. Francis, and B. Teng. 2010. “Strength of concrete beamcolumns reinforced with GFRP bars.” In Proc., 2nd Int. Structures Specialty Conf., 1194–1203. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: Univ. of Manitoba.
Tobbi, H., A. Sabry Farghaly, and B. Benmokrane. 2012. “Concrete columns reinforced longitudinally and transversally with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 109 (4): 1. https://doi.org/10.14359/51683874.
Wight, J. K. 2016. Reinforced concrete mechanics and design. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education.
Xue, W., F. Peng, and Z. Fang. 2018. “Behavior and design of slender rectangular concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars.” ACI Struct. J. 115 (2): 311–322. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701131.
Zadeh, H. J., and A. Nanni. 2017. “Flexural stiffness and second-order effects in fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete frames.” ACI Struct. J. 114 (Mar): 3.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 8 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 20, 2021
Accepted: Mar 2, 2022
Published online: May 19, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Oct 19, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Yazan Almomani, Ahmad Tarawneh, Roaa Alawadi, Ziad N. Taqieddin, Shatha Taha, Nisreen Abu Sheikh, Zaid Momani, Confinement model for circular concrete columns transversely reinforced with GFRP spirals and hoops, Results in Engineering, 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100918, 17, (100918), (2023).
- Mohammadreza Zarringol, Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai Patel, Qing Quan Liang, Artificial neural network model for strength predictions of CFST columns strengthened with CFRP, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.115784, 281, (115784), (2023).
- Ahmad Tarawneh, Abdullah Alghossoon, Eman Saleh, Ghassan Almasabha, Yasmin Murad, Mahmoud Abu-Rayyan, Ahmad Aldiabat, Machine Learning Prediction Model for Shear Capacity of FRP-RC Slender and Deep Beams, Sustainability, 10.3390/su142315609, 14, 23, (15609), (2022).
- Chun Han Song, Khaled Giasin, Abu Saifullah, Antigoni Barouni, Investigation of the Contact Interface between Natural Fibre Metal Laminates under Tension Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Polymers, 10.3390/polym14214650, 14, 21, (4650), (2022).
- Ghassan Almasabha, Odey Alshboul, Ali Shehadeh, Ali Saeed Almuflih, Machine Learning Algorithm for Shear Strength Prediction of Short Links for Steel Buildings, Buildings, 10.3390/buildings12060775, 12, 6, (775), (2022).