Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Modeling of Wide-Flange Steel Columns Subjected to Constant and Variable Axial Load Coupled with Lateral Drift Demands
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Volume 146, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper presents results from an experimental evaluation on the pre- and post-buckling behavior of 12 steel wide-flange cantilever columns under axial load and lateral drift demands. The influence of several loading and geometric parameters, including the cross-sectional local web and flange slenderness ratios, applied axial load, and lateral and axial loading history on the performance of these columns is thoroughly examined. The test data indicate that cross-sectional local buckling is highly asymmetric in steel columns under variable axial load. A relatively high compressive axial load can significantly compromise the steel column seismic stability and ductility, but this also depends on the imposed lateral loading history. The AISC axial load–bending moment interaction equation provides accurate estimates of a steel column’s yield resistance. However, the same equation underestimates by at least 30% the column’s peak resistance, regardless of the loading scenario. Measurements of column flange deformation, axial shortening, flexural resistance, and lateral drift are combined in a single graphical format aiding the process of assessing steel column repairability after earthquakes. The test data suggest that current practice-oriented nonlinear component modeling guidelines may not provide sufficient accuracy in establishing both the monotonic and first-cycle envelope curves of steel columns. It is also shown that high-fidelity continuum finite-element models should consider geometric imperfections of proper magnitude, in addition to the steel material inelasticity, to properly simulate the inelastic buckling of wide-flange steel columns and generalize the findings of physical tests. Issues arising due to similitude are also discussed to properly limit steel column instability modes in future studies.
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Acknowledgments
This study was based on work supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under the Discovery Grant Program. The test specimen material and fabrication was generously donated by ADF Corporation. Additional support for the second author was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Award No. 200021_169248) as well as École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). The financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to sincerely thank Dr. William Cook, Mr. John Bartczak at Jamieson Structural Laboratory at McGill University, as well as Professor Colin Rogers for their invaluable assistance in the successful completion of the testing program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of sponsors.
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Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 3 • March 2020
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©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 24, 2018
Accepted: Jun 7, 2019
Published online: Dec 24, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 24, 2020
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