Combination Rules Used to Account for Orthogonal Seismic Effects: State-of-the-Art Review
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Volume 145, Issue 11
Abstract
During an earthquake, buildings are simultaneously excited by multiple (horizontal and vertical) ground motion components. In the design process, the combinatorial effects of multicomponent horizontal loading are commonly determined using simplified methods such as the percentage (e.g., 100%–30%, 100%–40%) and square root sum of squares (SRSS) rules. In this paper, the state of the art in assessing the effectiveness of combination rules for orthogonal seismic effects is first reviewed. Prior studies are categorized based on the adopted analysis method (e.g., response spectrum versus response history), type of structural system, presence of structural irregularities, and considered demand parameters. A recent attempt to evaluate the combination studies using strong motion data is also discussed. Subsequently, the adoption of combination rules in popular codes and standards is presented and discussed including the conditions that trigger their implementation. Based on the review of prior research on the topic, it is concluded that the structural engineering community has not reached a consensus on the relative effectiveness of the various orthogonal combination methods. The paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion that covers specific challenges, knowledge gaps, and suggestions for future research.
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Acknowledgments
The first author would like to acknowledge China Scholarship Council, Power Construction Corporation of China through Project KJ-2016-095, and Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China for providing financial support for his study. The second author was partially funded by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), United States.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 11 • November 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Aug 30, 2019
Published in print: Nov 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jan 30, 2020
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Construction engineering
- Construction management
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamic loads
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Earthquake engineering
- Earthquakes
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Geohazards
- Geotechnical engineering
- Geotechnical investigation
- Ground motion
- Horizontal loads
- Seismic effects
- Seismic tests
- Solid mechanics
- Standards and codes
- Structural analysis
- Structural dynamics
- Structural engineering
- Structural systems
- Tests (by type)
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