Abstract
Sliding isolation, as one of the modalities of base isolation, has demonstrated its value in seismic hazard mitigation. Conventional sliding isolation systems, however, may exhibit unacceptable large sliding displacements under severe earthquakes and may suffer a risk of unpredictable impact effect due to the insufficient isolation gap. A novel base isolation system that uses sliding hydromagnetic bearings has been proposed recently to overcome these shortcomings. These bearings comprise steel tubes with a pressurized internal fluid and attached permanent magnets, and slide over aluminum base plates also with attached permanent magnets. They minimize the friction between bearings and base plates, generate a damping force that reduces the bearings displacements to practical levels, and introduce a restoring force and a displacement constraint. In the present study, a sliding hydromagnetic isolator is designed, fabricated, and tested experimentally to assess its performance as a seismic protection system. Additionally, numerical simulations are carried out for quantifying the repulsive, damping, and friction forces involved. It is found from these studies that the applied loads on the hydromagnetic bearing does not produce fluid leakages, O-ring damage, or scratch marks on the base plates; the bearing’s friction coefficient does not exhibit a conventional friction-vertical load correlation and is therefore lower and more stable than in existing sliding isolators due to the effect of oil-solid interface; and the pressurized fluid significantly reduces the frictional force between bearing and base plate and facilitate thus the bearing’s sliding; the repulsive force increases dramatically with the bearing displacement and may effectively prevent bearings from sliding off their base plates.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The supports of the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0803300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51678450, 51878505, and 51725804), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. SLDRCE14-MB-03), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 22120180063) are highly appreciated. Dr. J.Y. Shi and Profs. S.S. Chen, J. Li, Alfredo H-S. Ang are greatly appreciated for their constructive discussions and comments on the research.
References
Akoun, G., and J. P. Yonnet. 1984. “3D analytical calculation of the forces exerted between two cuboidal magnets.” IEEE Trans. Magn. 20 (5): 1962–1964. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063554.
Bao, Y., T. C. Becker, and H. Hamaguchi. 2017. “Failure of double friction pendulum bearings under pulse-type motions.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 46 (5): 715–732. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2827.
Behrooz, M., X. J. Wang, and F. Gordaninejad. 2014. “Performance of a new magnetorheological elastomer isolation system.” Smart Mater. Struct. 23 (4): 045014. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/4/045014.
Braga, F., and M. Laterza. 2004. “Field testing of low-rise base isolated building.” Eng. Struct. 26 (11): 1599–1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.06.002.
Castaldo, P., B. Palazzo, and P. Della Vecchia. 2015. “Seismic reliability of base-isolated structures with friction pendulum bearings.” Eng. Struct. 95: 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.053.
Chen, J. B., W. Q. Liu, Y. B. Peng, and J. Li. 2007. “Stochastic seismic response and reliability analysis of base-isolated structures.” J. Earthquake Eng. 11 (6): 903–924. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460701242757.
Davis, J. R. 1997. Concise metals engineering data book. Novelty, OH: ASM International.
Davis, R. B., and M. D. McDowell. 2017. “Combined Euler column vibration isolation and energy harvesting.” Smart Mater. Struct. 26 (5): 055001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa6721.
Dicleli, M., and M. Y. Mansour. 2003. “Seismic retrofitting of highway bridges in Illinois using friction pendulum seismic isolation bearings and modeling procedures.” Eng. Struct. 25 (9): 1139–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00062-2.
Dolce, M., D. Cardone, and G. Palermo. 2007. “Seismic isolation of bridges using isolation systems based on flat sliding bearings.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 5 (4): 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9044-3.
Eem, S. H., H. J. Jung, and J. H. Koo. 2013. “Seismic performance evaluation of an MR elastomer-based smart base isolation system using real-time hybrid simulation.” Smart Mater. Struct. 22 (5): 055003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/5/055003.
Fenz, D. M., and M. C. Constantinou. 2008a. “Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Theory.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37 (2): 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.751.
Fenz, D. M., and M. C. Constantinou. 2008b. “Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Experimental verification.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37 (2): 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.750.
Fenz, D. M., and M. C. Constantinou. 2008c. Mechanical behavior of multi-spherical sliding bearings. Buffalo, NY: MCEER, University at Buffalo, State Univ. of New York, Red Jacket Quadrangle.
Guo, A. X., Z. J. Li, H. Li, and J. P. Ou. 2009. “Experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of base-isolated highway bridges using MR dampers.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 38 (11): 1307–1333. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.903.
Housner, G. W., and S. F. Masri. 1994. “Performance of the base-isolated USC University Hospital under the 1994 Northridge earthquake.” Nucl. Eng. Des. 148 (2–3): 509–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)90130-9.
Huang, B., H. Y. Zhang, H. Wang, and G. B. Song. 2014. “Passive base isolation with superelastic nitinol SMA helical springs.” Smart Mater. Struct. 23 (6): 065009. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/6/065009.
Ismail, M. 2015. “An isolation system for limited seismic gaps in near-fault zones.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 44 (7): 1115–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2504.
Jung, H. J., D. D. Jang, K. M. Choi, and S. W. Cho. 2009. “Vibration mitigation of highway isolated bridge using MR damper-based smart passive control system employing an electromagnetic induction part.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 16 (6): 613–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.333.
Kim, Y. S., and C. B. Yun. 2007. “Seismic response characteristics of bridges using double concave friction pendulum bearings with tri-linear behavior.” Eng. Struct. 29 (11): 3082–3093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.02.009.
Li, J., Y. B. Peng, and J. B. Chen. 2011. “Nonlinear stochastic optimal control strategy of hysteretic structures.” Struct. Eng. Mech. 38 (1): 39–63. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.38.1.039.
Li, Y. C., J. C. Li, W. H. Li, and B. Samali. 2013. “Development and characterization of a magnetorheological elastomer based adaptive seismic isolator.” Smart Mater. Struct. 22 (3): 035005. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/3/035005.
Masroor, A., and G. Mosqueda. 2012. “Experimental simulation of base-isolated buildings pounding against moat wall and effects on superstructure response.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 41 (14): 2093–2109. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2177.
Medel-Vera, C., and T. T. Ji. 2015. “Seismic protection technology for nuclear power plants: A systematic review.” J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 52 (5): 607–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2014.980347.
Mokha, A., M. C. Constantinou, A. M. Reinhorn, and V. A. Zayas. 1991. “Experimental study of friction-pendulum isolation system.” J. Struct. Eng. 117 (4): 1201–1217. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:4(1201).
Morgan, T. A., and S. A. Mahin. 2011. The use of base isolation systems to achieve complex seismic performance objectives. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Ozbulut, O. E., and S. Hurlebaus. 2010. “Evaluation of the performance of a sliding-type base isolation system with a NiTi shape memory alloy device considering temperature effects.” Eng. Struct. 32 (1): 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.09.010.
Ozbulut, O. E., and S. Hurlebaus. 2011. “Seismic assessment of bridge structures isolated by a shape memory alloy/rubber-based isolation system.” Smart Mater. Struct. 20 (1): 015003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/20/1/015003.
Parker Hannifin Corporation. 2007. Parker O-ring handbook. Cleveland: Parker Hannifin Corp.
Peng, Y. B., L. C. Ding, and J. B. Chen. 2019. “Performance evaluation of base-isolated structures with sliding hydromagnetic bearings.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 26 (1): e2278. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2278.
Purcell, E. M., and D. J. Morin. 2013. Electricity and magnetism. 3rd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Skopek, M., B. Ulrych, and N. Dolezel. 2001. “Optimized regime of induction heating of a disk before its pressing on shaft.” IEEE Trans. Magn. 37 (5): 3380–3383. https://doi.org/10.1109/20.952618.
Tera Analysis Ltd. 2018. QuickField finite element analysis system version 6.3.2 user’s guide. Accessed May 1, 2018. http://quickfield.com/.
Toopchi-Nezhad, H., M. J. Tait, and R. G. Drysdale. 2009. “Shake table study on an ordinary low-rise building seismically isolated with SU-FREIs (stable unbonded-fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators).” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 38 (11): 1335–1357. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.923.
Villaverde, R. 2017. “Base isolation with sliding hydromagnetic bearings: Concept and feasibility study.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 13 (6): 709–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1187634.
Wu, G., K. Wang, P. Zhang, and G. Lu. 2018. “Effect of mechanical degradation of laminated elastomeric bearings and shear keys upon seismic behaviors of small-to-medium-span highway bridges in transverse direction.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 17 (1): 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-018-0435-z.
Yang, J., S. S. Sun, H. Du, W. H. Li, G. Alici, and H. X. Deng. 2014. “A novel magnetorheological elastomer isolator with negative changing stiffness for vibration reduction.” Smart Mater. Struct. 23 (10): 105023. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/105023.
Young, H. D., and R. A. Freedman. 2008. University physics. 12th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 22, 2017
Accepted: Oct 17, 2018
Published online: Feb 25, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 25, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.