Seismic Performance Assessment of Multitiered Steel Concentrically Braced Frames Designed in Accordance with the 2010 AISC Seismic Provisions
This article has been corrected.
VIEW CORRECTIONPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 12
Abstract
Multitiered steel concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are commonly used to provide lateral resistance for tall single-story commercial, performing arts, sports, and industrial buildings. The seismic response of these frames is studied in this paper. A set of seven special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs), ranging from 9 to 30 m tall with two to six tiers, located in a high seismic area was designed according to the 2010 AISC Seismic Provisions. Fundamental behavior of the two- and four-tiered frames was investigated using three-dimensional (3D) finite element models with shell elements, with particular focus on the buckling response of the columns. The seismic frame response and column stability were then studied more broadly for all frames using more computationally efficient 3D finite element models with fiber-based beam-column elements, which were validated against the shell element models. Multitiered CBFs designed according to current multistory CBF procedures are shown to develop drift concentration in a single tier and high in-plane column bending demand, which in some cases leads to flexural yielding and column instability. As potential solutions to this problem, alternate design strategies were studied and their seismic performance is also presented. Designing for higher seismic forces did not appreciably improve column stability, but use of fixed column bases or buckling-restrained braces provided improved distribution of drift over multiple tiers and reduced the occurrence of column instability. Unlike multistory braced frame seismic design, column flexural demands are more important in multitiered braced frames and must be considered in seismic design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Partial funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the American Institute of Steel Construction.
References
Abaqus [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes, Waltham, MA.
Aguero, A., Izvernari, C., and Tremblay, R. (2006). “Modelling of the seismic response of concentrically braced steel frames using the OpenSees analysis environment.” Int. J. Adv. Steel Constr., 2(3), 242–274.
AISC. (2010a). “Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings.” ANSI/AISC 341-10, Chicago.
AISC. (2010b). “Specifications for structural steel buildings.” ANSI/AISC 360-10, Chicago.
ASCE. (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE/SEI 7-10, Reston, VA.
ASTM. (2007a). “Standard specification for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes.” ASTM A500-07, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007b). “Standard specification for structural steel shapes.” ASTM A992/A992M-07, West Conshohocken, PA.
Chen, L., and Tirca, L. (2013). “Simulating the seismic response of concentrically braced frames using physical theory brace models.” Open J. Civ. Eng., 3(2), 69–81.
Dalal, S. T. (1969). “Some non-conventional cases of column design.” Eng. J. AISC, 6(1), 28–39.
D’Aniello, M., La Manna Ambrosino, G., Portioli, F., and Landolfo, R. (2013). “Modelling aspects of the seismic response of steel concentric braced frames.” Steel Compos. Struct., 15(5), 539–566.
Fell, B. V., Kanvinde, A. M., Deierlein, G. G., and Myers, A. T. (2009). “Experimental investigation of inelastic cyclic buckling and fracture of steel braces.” J. Struct. Eng, 19–32.
FEMA. (2009). “Quantification of building seismic performance factors.” FEMA P695, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA.
Galambos, T. V., and Ketter, R. L. (1958). “Columns under combined bending and thrust.”, Fritz Engineering Laboratory, Bethlehem, PA.
Hsiao, P.-C., Lehman, D. E., and Roeder, C. W. (2013). “A model to simulate special concentrically braced frames beyond brace fracture.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(2), 183–200.
Imanpour, A., Stoakes, C., Tremblay, R., Fahnestock, L., and Davaran, A. (2013). “Seismic stability response of columns in multi-tiered braced steel frames for industrial applications.” Structures Congress 2013, B. Leshko and J. McHugh, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 2650–2661.
Imanpour, A., Tremblay, R., and Davaran, A. (2014). “A new seismic design method for steel multi-tiered braced frames.” Structures Congress 2014, G. Bell and M. Card, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 2707–2720.
Imanpour, A., Tremblay, R., Fahnestock, L., and Stoakes, C. (2016). “Analysis and design of two-tiered steel braced frames under in-plane seismic demand.” J. Struct. Eng., 04016115.
Kauffman, E. J., and Pense, A. W. (1999). “Characterization of cyclic inelastic strain behavior on properties of A572 Gr. 50 and A913 rolled sections.”, ATLSS Research Center, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
Lamarche, C. P., and Tremblay, R. (2011). “Seismically induced cyclic buckling of steel columns including residual-stress and strain-rate effects.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 67(9), 1401–1410.
Neuenhofer, A., and Filippou, F. C. (1997). “Evaluation of nonlinear frame finite-element models.” J. Struct. Eng., 958–966.
Newmark, N. M., and Hall, W. J. (1982). “Earthquake spectra and design.” Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley, CA.
Okazaki, T., Lignos, D., Hikino, T., and Kajiwara, K. (2013). “Dynamic response of a chevron concentrically braced frame.” J. Struct. Eng., 515–525.
OpenSees [Computer software]. OpenSees, Berkeley, CA.
Palmer, K. D., Roeder, C. W., Lehman, D. E., Okazaki, T., Shield, C. K., and Powell, J. (2012). “Concentric X-braced frames with HSS bracing.” Int. J. Steel Struct., 12(3), 443–459.
Peng, S. W. (2001). “Seismic resistant connections for concrete filled tube columns-to-WF beam moment resisting frames.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Sabelli, R., and Hohbach, D. (1999). “Design of cross-braced frames for predictable buckling behavior.” J. Struct. Eng., 163–168.
Simão, P. D., Girão Coelho, A. M., and Bijlaard, F. S. K. (2012). “Stability design of crane columns in mill buildings.” Eng. Struct., 42, 51–82.
Stoakes, C. D., and Fahnestock, L. A. (2012). “Cyclic flexural analysis and behavior of beam-column connections with gusset plates.” J. Const. St. Res., 72, 227–239.
Stoakes, C. D., and Fahnestock, L. A. (2015). “Strong-axis stability of wide flange steel columns in the presence of weak-axis flexure.” J. Struct. Eng., 04016004.
Timoshenko, S. P., and Gere, J. M. (1961). Theory of elastic stability (engineering monographs societies series), 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 541.
Tirca, L., and Chen, L. (2014). “Numerical simulation of hollow structural steel braces upon fracture.” J. Adv. Steel Constr., 10(4), 442–462.
Tremblay, R. (2002). “Inelastic seismic response of steel bracing members.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 58(5–8), 665–701.
Tremblay, R., Archambault, M. H., and Filiatrault, A. (2003). “Seismic performance of concentrically braced steel frames made with rectangular hollow bracing members.” J. Struct. Eng., 1626–1636.
Tremblay, R., Haddad, M., Martinez, G., Richard, J., and Moffatt, K. (2008). “Inelastic cyclic testing of large size steel bracing members.” Proc., 14th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing.
Uriz, P., Filippou, F. C., and Mahin, S. A. (2008). “Model for cyclic inelastic buckling of steel braces.” J. Struct. Eng., 619–628.
Wijesundara, K. K., Nascimbene, R., and Rassati, G. A. (2014). “Modeling of different bracing configurations in multi-storey concentrically braced frames using a fiber-beam based approach.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 101, 426–436.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 12 • December 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 16, 2015
Accepted: Mar 2, 2016
Published online: Jul 18, 2016
Published in print: Dec 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 18, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.