Retrofit Options for Light-Frame Wood Stud Walls Subjected to Blast Loading
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental program, where a total of eight retrofitted walls were subjected to blast loading, simulated by shock waves using the University of Ottawa’s shock tube. Four different external retrofit options were considered and their behavior in terms of failure mode, stiffness, and strength were documented. Nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) modeling was performed using material models developed specifically for each retrofit. In general, good agreement was found between the predicted level of damage and calculated displacement using the model and the measured behavior. The study shows that a significant increase in stiffness and strength can be achieved.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Barrett, J. D., and Lau, W. (1994). Canadian lumber properties, Canadian Wood Council, Ottawa.
Biggs, J. M. (1964). Introduction to structural dynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). (2010). “Wood design manual, update No. 1.” O86-09, Rexdale, ON, Canada.
Canadian Standard Association (CSA). (2012). “Design and assessment of buildings subjected to blast loads.” 1st Ed., S850, Rexdale, ON, Canada.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2002). “World trade center building performance study: data collection, preliminary observations, and recommendations.” Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration, Washington, DC.
Gifford, F. W. (1975). “U.K. experience with industrialized concrete construction.” Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 48, 35–66.
Lacroix, D., and Doudak, G. (2012). “Behaviour of typical light-frame wood stud walls subjected to blast loading.” Proc., World Conf. on Timber Engineering, New Zealand Timber Design Society (NZTDS), Auckland, New-Zealand, 561–569.
Marchand, K. A. (2002). “BAIT, BASS & RODS testing results.” Rep. prepared for the USAF Force Protection Battlelab, Applied Research Associates, Technical Support Working Group and Defense Threat Reduction Agency, San Antonio, TX.
McCutcheon, W. J. (1986). “Stiffness of framing members with partial composite action.” J. Struct. Eng., 1623–1637.
Mogford, J. (2005). Fatal accident investigation report: Isomerization unit explosion final report. BP Investigation Team, Texas City, TX.
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. (2004). “A-3 disproportionate collapse, the building regulations, revised 2004.” Approved Document A, London, 39–43.
Oswald, C. J. (2005). “Component explosive damage assessment workbook (CEDAW).” Rep. prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Protective Design Center, Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Washington, DC.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Protective Design Center. (2008). “Technical Rep. PDC TR-06-01 Rev. 1.” Methodology Manual for the Single-Degree-of-Freedom Blast Effects Design Spreadsheets (SBEDS), Washington, DC.
U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2003). Reference manual to mitigate potential terrorist attacks against buildings. FEMA, Washington, DC.
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC). (2008). “Structures to resist effects of accidental explosions.”, U.S. Dept. of Defense, Washington, DC.
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC). (2010). “Design of buildings to resist progressive collapse.”, U.S. Dept. of Defense, Washington, DC.
Wilkinson, T. L. (1972). “Effect of deformed shanks, prebored lead holes, and grain orientation on the elastic bearing constant for laterally loaded nail joints.”, Forest Products Laboratory/Forest Service U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, WI.
Wilkinson, T. L. (1974). “Elastic bearing constants for sheathing materials.”, Forest Products Laboratory/Forest Service U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, WI.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 4 • April 2014
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 1, 2012
Accepted: May 29, 2013
Published online: Jun 1, 2013
Published in print: Apr 1, 2014
Discussion open until: May 16, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.