Comparison of Retrofits for Three Strut-Arm Tainter Gates Using a Longevity Corrosion Maintenance Factor
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 19, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to compare various Tainter gate strut-arm retrofit techniques based on the longevity corrosion maintenance (LCM) factor. The rating system is designed to encourage agencies to select retrofits that will better upgrade existing conditions to meet current design standards for hydraulic steel structures and achieve a long design life. An overview of past Tainter gate failures, governing strut-arm load cases, past strut-arm retrofit strategies, current design standards for hydraulic steel structures, and the consequences of welding or bolting to existing structures has been considered in this study as evidence to support the proposed Tainter gate retrofit comparison methodology. An example problem illustrates how to determine the LCM factor and assign a LCM grade for three retrofit scenarios.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The author thanks Travis Adams, P.E., of the U.S. Army COE for his encouragement and review of this paper.
Disclaimer
The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Army COE.
References
AASHTO. (2012). LRFD bridge design specifications, Washington, DC.
AISC. (2005). Steel construction manual, 13th Ed., Chicago.
American Welding Society (AWS). (2010). “Bridge welding code.” AWS D1.5, Miami.
ASCE. (2009). Report card for America’s infrastructure, Reston, VA.
ASCE. (2013). Report card for America’s infrastructure, Reston, VA.
ASTM. (2010). “Standard specification for structural bolts, steel, heat treated, 120/105 ksi minimum tensile strength.” ASTM A325, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2011). “Standard specification for structural steel for bridges.” ASTM A709/A709M, West Conshohocken, PA.
Darcy, J.-E. (2011). “USACE climate change adaptation policy statement.” U.S. Army COE (USACE), Washington, DC.
Fish & Associates. (2011). “Standard detailing of hydraulic steel structures.” Task Order No. 22, U.S. Army COE (USACE), Washington, DC.
Groisman, P. Ya., Knight, R., Karl, T., Easterling, D. R., Sun, B., and Lawrimore, J. (2004). “Contemporary changes of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations.” J. Hydrometeorol., 5(1), 64–85.
Hunt, L. R. (2005). “Development of a rating system for sustainable bridges.” M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA.
Hutton, C. C. (1999). “Tainter gate testing and evaluation.” Proc., Waterpower '99: Hydro’s Future: Technology, Markets, and Policy, P. A. Brookshier, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–10.
Karl, T. R., Melillo, M., and Peterson, T. C., eds. (2009). Global climate change impacts in the United States, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Klein Tank, A. M. G., and Können, G. P. (2003). “Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–1999.” J. Clim., 16(22), 3665–3680.
Kunkel, K. E., Easterling, D. R., Redmond, K., and Hubbard, K. (2003). “Temporal variations of extreme precipitation events in the United States: 1895–2000.” Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(17), 1900.
Milly, P. C. D., Wetherald, R. T., Dunne, K. A., and Delworth, T. L. (2002). “Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate.” Nature, 415, 514–517.
Ricker, D. T. (1988). “Field welding to existing steel structures.” Eng. J., 30(1), 44–55.
Todd, R. V. (1999). “Spillway Tainter gate failure at Folsom Dam, California.” Proc., Waterpower '99: Hydro’s Future: Technology, Markets, and Policy, P. A. Brookshier, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–10.
Trenberth, K. E. (2005). “The impact of climate change and variability on heavy precipitation, floods, and droughts.” Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences, Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 1–11.
Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS). (2009). “Fabrication of hydraulic steel structures.” UFGS 05 59 13, National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, DC.
U.S. Army COE (USACE). (1994). “Design of hydraulic steel structures.” EM 1110-2-2105, Washington, DC.
U.S. Army COE (USACE). (2000). “Design of spillway Tainter gates.” EM 1110-2-2702, Washington, DC.
U.S. Army COE (USACE). (2001). “Inspection, evaluation and repair of hydraulic steel structures.” EM 1110-2-6054, Washington, DC.
U.S. Army COE (USACE). (2009). “Responsibility for hydraulic steel structures.” ER 1110-2-8157, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 19 • Issue 4 • November 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 30, 2013
Accepted: Nov 25, 2013
Published online: Nov 27, 2013
Discussion open until: Aug 3, 2014
Published in print: Nov 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.