Influence of Fluid–Structure Interaction on Pressure Fluctuations in Transient Flow
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 12, Issue 2
Abstract
Sudden changes in operating conditions of a piping system induce a fluid hammer with cyclic pressure fluctuations that moves back and forth and finally dies out. Although one-dimensional continuity and momentum equations can predict the maximum pressure in a fluid hammer accurately, the simulated flow characteristic, viz., the pressure wave, deviates from the measured one, in subsequent cycles. In many instances, this deviation in the modeling is reduced by incorporating the concepts such as variable unsteady friction, artificial viscosity and diffusive terms, in the governing equations. The current study demonstrates that proper accounting of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in the transient analysis in a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model can predict the damping of a pressure wave with reasonable accuracy. The CFD-FSI model couples the Navier-Stokes equation with structural equations for axial, radial, flexural, and torsional motions, to represent the effect of FSI. Numerical simulations of three different problems from two different experimental setups were used for assessing the effect of FSI on the damping of the pressure wave. It is found that the incorporation of FSI into the three-dimensional (3D) CFD model leads to better prediction of the damping of the pressure wave in a quasi-rigid piping system. In contrast, such incorporation is not required for the prediction in a fully rigid system such as pipe buried in concrete.
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Data Availability Statement
The CFD models generated in the study are available from the corresponding author on request subjected to the permission from the funding agency.
Acknowledgments
Financial support by Kerala State Council for Science, Technology, and Environment under Engineering and Technology Programme (Project No. ETP/8/2015/KSCSTE) is gratefully acknowledged.
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Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 12 • Issue 2 • May 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jun 7, 2019
Accepted: Sep 18, 2020
Published online: Jan 12, 2021
Published in print: May 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jun 12, 2021
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