Residual Mechanical Properties of Corroded Steel Bars after High-Temperature Exposure
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 4
Abstract
Accidental fires in aged concrete structures can lead to combined damage from corrosion and fire. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of corrosion and high temperature on the residual mechanical properties of hot-rolled plain and ribbed bars. The results indicated that the corroded steel bars still exhibited ductile failure after high-temperature exposure. Moreover, the combined action of high temperature and corrosion has little effect on the elastic modulus. The residual bearing capacity of the hot-rolled steel bar became smaller under the condition of temperatures above 600°C. When the temperatures experienced by the plain and ribbed steel bars were less than 600°C and 500°C, respectively, the high temperature accelerated the decrease in the nominal yield and ultimate strength. However, the yield and ultimate strengths based on the minimum cross-sectional area remained unchanged with an increase in the cross-sectional loss ratio. Similar to that at room temperature, the ultimate strain of steel bars subjected to high-temperature exposure decreased exponentially with an increase in the cross-sectional loss ratio. The new findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the safety assessment of aged reinforced concrete structures after exposure to fire.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Longitudinal distribution of cross-sectional areas of steel bars and the data used to plot load-deformation relationships shown in Figs. 10 and 11 are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The research reported was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51708319), and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2017PEE015), and the authors deeply appreciate their support.
References
ASCE. 1992. Structural fire protection. ASCE committee on fire protection, manual no. 78. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ASTM. 2011a. Standard practice for preparing, cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens. ASTM G1-03. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2011b. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. ASTM E8/E8M-11. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2019. Standard specification for carbon structural steel. ASTM A36/A36M-19. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Ba, G. Z., J. J. Miao, W. P. Zhang, and J. L. Liu. 2019. “Influence of reinforcement corrosion on fire performance of reinforced concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 213 (Jul): 738–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.065.
Cairns, J., G. A. Plizzari, Y. G. Du, D. W. Law, and C. Franzoni. 2005. “Mechanical properties of corrosion-damaged reinforcement.” ACI Mater. J. 102 (4): 256–264.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004. Design of concrete structures, part 1-2: General rules: Structural fire design. Eurocode 2. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2005. Design of steel structure—Part 1–2: General rules—Structural fire design. Eurocode 3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Elghazouli, A. Y., K. A. Cashell, and B. A. Izzuddin. 2009. “Experimental evaluation of the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement at elevated temperature.” Fire Saf. J. 44 (6): 909–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.05.004.
El Maaddawy, T. A., and K. A. Soudki. 2003. “Effectiveness of impressed current technique to simulate corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 15 (1): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:1(41).
Felicetti, R., P. G. Gambarova, and A. Meda. 2009. “Residual behavior of steel rebars and R/C sections after a fire.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (12): 3546–3555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.050.
Francois, R., I. Khan, and V. H. Dang. 2013. “Impact of corrosion on mechanical properties of steel embedded in 27-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beams.” Mater. Struct. 46 (6): 899–910. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9941-z.
Gao, X., Y. Pan, and X. Ren. 2019. “Probabilistic model of the minimum effective cross-section area of non-uniform corroded steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 216 (Aug): 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.012.
Lee, J., M. D. Engelhardt, and E. M. Taleff. 2012. “Mechanical properties of ASTM A992 steel after fire.” AISC Eng. J. 49 (1): 33–44.
Liu, X. G., W. P. Zhang, X. L. Gu, and Y. H. Zeng. 2017. “Degradation of mechanical behavior of corroded prestressing wires subjected to high-cycle fatigue loading.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (5): 13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001030.
Ou, Y. C., Y. T. T. Susanto, and H. Roh. 2016. “Tensile behavior of naturally and artificially corroded steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 103 (Jan): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.075.
Pech-Canul, M. A., and P. Castro. 2002. “Corrosion measurements of steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to a tropical marine atmosphere.” Cem. Concr. Res. 32 (3): 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00713-X.
Porcari, G. L., E. Zalok, and O. Isgor. 2012. “Fire performance of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete beams.” J. Struct. Fire Eng. 3 (4): 311–326. https://doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.3.4.311.
Qian, H., D. M. Yan, S. K. Chen, G. Chen, Y. Tian, and G. D. Chen. 2019. “Effect of high temperature exposure and strain rate on mechanical properties of high-strength steel rebars.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (11): 11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002906.
Qiang, X. H., F. S. K. Bijlaard, and H. Kolstein. 2012. “Post-fire mechanical properties of high strength structural steels S460 and S690.” Eng. Struct. 35 (Feb): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.005.
Ruan, T., N. Spandley, C. Johnson, and A. Poursaee. 2015. “The impact of fire and fire extinguishing method on the corrosion behavior of the steel bars in concrete pore solution.” Fire Saf. J. 78 (Nov): 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.10.001.
Sajid, H. U., D. L. Naik, and R. Kiran. 2020. “Microstructure-mechanical property relationships for post-fire structural steels.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (6): 04020133 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003190.
Serafini, R., L. M. S. Mendes, R. P. Salvador, and A. D. Figueiredo. 2020. “The effect of elevated temperatures on the properties of cold-drawn steel fibers.” Mag. Concr. Res. 73 (18): 936–944. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.19.00498.
Tao, Z., X. Q. Wang, and B. Uy. 2013. “Stress-strain curves of structural and reinforcing steels after exposure to elevated temperatures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25 (9): 1306–1316. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000676.
Tariq, F., and P. Bhargava. 2020. “Bond characteristics of corroded pullout specimens exposed to elevated temperatures.” Structures 25 (Jun): 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.02.015.
Topcu, I. B., A. R. Boga, and A. Demir. 2010. “The effect of elevated temperatures on corroded and uncorroded reinforcement embedded in mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (11): 2101–2107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.050.
Yang, S. T., K. F. Li, and C. Q. Li. 2018. “Analytical model for non-uniform corrosion-induced concrete cracking.” Mag. Concr. Res. 70 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.17.00153.
Zhang, B., H. Zhu, J. Chen, and O. Yang. 2019. “Evaluation of bond performance of corroded steel bars in concrete after high temperature exposure.” Eng. Struct. 198 (Nov): 109479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109479.
Zhang, L., F. T. K. Au, Y. Wei, and J. Li. 2017. “Mechanical properties of prestressing steel in and after fire.” Mag. Concr. Res. 69 (8): 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.15.00267.
Zhang, W. P., B. B. Zhou, X. L. Gu, and H. C. Dai. 2014. “Probability distribution model for cross-sectional area of corroded reinforcing steel bars.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (5): 822–832. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000888.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 4 • April 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 1, 2022
Accepted: Jul 6, 2022
Published online: Jan 14, 2023
Published in print: Apr 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jun 14, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.