Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete under Long-Term Autoclaving
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 2
Abstract
Solar thermal energy is a technology that collects radiant energy from the sun to generate heat or electricity. Thermal energy storage is required to compensate for the solar thermal energy variations across time scales, and a popular strategy is storing thermal energy in hot water tanks. Due to superior strength and durability, ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) is exploited to construct such water tanks for applications at 200°C. Therefore, the mechanical strength and microstructure of UHPC after long-term temperature-pressure load (autoclaving) is studied. The compressive strength of UHPC can stay robust due to the accelerated formation of hydrates, while the flexural strength is vulnerable to long-term autoclaving due to the transformation of amorphous calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to more ordered phases. The main hydrates in autoclaved samples are poorly crystallized C-S-H, hydroxylellestadite, and hydrogarnet. The porosity of autoclaved samples is not strictly related to the mechanical strength, and the influence of hydrate assemblage outweighs that of porosity on mechanical strength after long-term autoclaving. The partial replacement of cement by limestone powder can decrease crystalline hydrates and increase poorly crystallized C-S-H, which densifies the microstructure and enhances the mechanical strength. However, excessive poorly crystallized C-S-H aggravates the thermal mismatch between the matrix and quartz aggregates after autoclaved samples cool to room temperature, leading to interstice in matrix-quartz interfaces and, thus, reduced mechanical strength. Therefore, an appropriate addition of limestone powder is required to induce the hydrate assemblage with appropriate poorly crystallized C-S-H, ensuring durable UHPC structures under autoclaving.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, including the data of mechanical test and microstructure characterization.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (No. 03ET1537A).
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Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 2 • February 2023
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© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Feb 16, 2022
Accepted: May 18, 2022
Published online: Dec 5, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 5, 2023
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