Experiment and Probabilistic Prediction on Mechanical Properties of Corroded Prestressed Strands under Different Strain Levels
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 8
Abstract
At present, prestressed structures are widely used in offshore buildings and bridges. After corrosion, the prestressed structure’s mechanical properties decline, significantly reducing the structure’s bearing capacity and threatening the prestressed system’s safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study the variation of mechanical properties of corroded prestressed strands. In the past, researchers mainly studied the rusty prestressed strands in the state of no stress, which is different from the prestressed strands in the actual structure. It can provide many benefits to study how the strain level affects the corrosion of prestressed strands. In this work, the mechanical properties of corroded prestressed steel strands under different strain levels were tested by experiment. The results show that the existence of strain will increase the corrosion amount, but the effect of strain on the corroded strand’s mechanical properties is not uniform. The mechanical properties of strands decrease linearly with increase of corrosion amount, but the dispersion is large, so the probability method is more suitable. The probabilistic prediction model of corroded strands’ mechanical properties is proposed in this paper, and the prediction results are compared with the experimental results. The prediction results are consistent with the test results, and the range of prediction results is narrower than the test results. But the prediction result of elongation does not align well with the experimental work.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Most data analyzed are included in this article, and more detailed data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of China National 973 Plan No. 2013CB036303 and the Section of Shanghai Railway Administration under Project No. 2017162.
References
Alharthy, A. S., and D. M. Frangopol. 1994. “Reliability-based design of prestressed concrete beams.” J. Struct. Eng. 120 (11): 3156–3177. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1994)120:11(3156).
Anania, L., A. Badala, and G. D’Agata. 2018. “Damage and collapse mode of existing post tensioned precast concrete bridge: The case of Petrulla viaduct.” Eng. Struct. 162 (May): 226–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.039.
Anna, N. R., and B. Adorjan. 2016. “Reinforcement corrosion and concrete crack width.” Epitoanyag 68 (1): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2016.2.
Apostolopoulos, C., A. Drakakaki, A. Katsaounis, M. Bardi, and K. F. Koulouris. 2021. “Parameters determining the quality of corrosion damage, induced by impressed current density technique, on steel reinforcement.” Int. J. Struct. Integr. 12 (4): 548–561. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-09-2019-0099.
Apostolopoulos, C., G. Konstantopoulos, and K. Koulouris. 2018. “Seismic resistance prediction of corroded S400 (BSt420) reinforcing bars.” Int. J. Struct. Integr. 9 (1): 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-02-2017-0008.
Apostolopoulos, C. A., K. F. Koulouris, and A. C. Apostolopoulos. 2019. “Correlation of surface cracks of concrete due to corrosion and bond strength (between steel bar and concrete).” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2019 (Feb): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3438743.
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). 2003. Standard practice for preparing, cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens. ASTM G1-03. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Briz, E., U. Martin, M. V. Biezma, I. Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca, and D. M. Bastidas. 2020. “Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of 2001 LDSS and 2205 DSS reinforcements exposed to simultaneous load and corrosion in chloride contained concrete pore solution.” J. Build. Eng. 31 (Sep): 101456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101456.
Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca, I., E. Briz, M. V. Biezma, and I. Puente. 2019. “A plain linear rule for fatigue analysis under natural loading considering the coupled fatigue and corrosion effect.” Int. J. Fatigue 122 (May): 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.01.008.
Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca, I., E. Briz, A. Matanza, U. Martin, and D. M. Bastidas. 2020. “Corrosion fatigue numerical model for austenitic and lean-duplex stainless-steel rebars exposed to marine environments.” Metals (Basel) 10 (9): 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091217.
Chen, A. R., Y. Y. Yang, R. J. Ma, L. W. Li, H. Tian, and Z. C. Pan. 2020. “Experimental study of corrosion effects on high-strength steel wires considering strain influence.” Constr. Build. Mater. 240 (Apr): 117910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117910.
Chen, E., C. G. Berrocal, I. Fernandez, I. Lofgren, and K. Lundgren. 2021. “Assessment of the mechanical behaviour of reinforcement bars with localised pitting corrosion by Digital Image Correlation (vol 219, 110936, 2020).” Eng. Struct. 231 (Mar): 111634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111634.
Chen, E., C. G. Berrocal, I. Lofgren, and K. Lundgren. 2020. “Correlation between concrete cracks and corrosion characteristics of steel reinforcement in pre-cracked plain and fibre-reinforced concrete beams.” Mater. Struct. 53 (2): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01466-z.
Chinese Standard. 2012. Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres: Salt spray tests. GB/T 10125-2012/ISO 9227:2006. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Darmawan, M. S., and M. G. Stewart. 2007. “Spatial time-dependent reliability analysis of corroding pretensioned prestressed concrete bridge girders.” Struct. Saf. 29 (1): 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2005.11.002.
Dong, Z., and A. Poursaee. 2020. “Corrosion behavior of coupled active and passive reinforcing steels in simulated concrete pore solution.” Constr. Build. Mater. 240 (Apr): 117955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117955.
Fernandez, I., and C. G. Berrocal. 2019. “Mechanical properties of 30 year-old naturally corroded steel reinforcing bars.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater. 13 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0308-x.
Fu, C. Q., J. H. Huang, Z. Dong, W. J. Yan, and X. L. Gu. 2020. “Experimental and numerical study of an electromagnetic sensor for non-destructive evaluation of steel corrosion in concrete.” Sens. Actuators, A 315 (Nov): 112371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112371.
Gartner, N., T. Kosec, and A. Legat. 2016. “The efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor on steel in a simulated concrete environment.” Mater. Chem. Phys. 184 (Dec): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.08.047.
Gartner, N., T. Kosec, and A. Legat. 2020. “Monitoring the corrosion of steel in concrete exposed to a marine environment.” Materials (Basel) 13 (2): 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020407.
Green, W. K. 2020. “Steel reinforcement corrosion in concrete—An overview of some fundamentals.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 55 (4): 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2020.1746039.
Gu, X., H. Guo, B. Zhou, W. Zhang, and C. Jiang. 2018. “Corrosion non-uniformity of steel bars and reliability of corroded RC beams.” Eng. Struct. 167 (Jul): 188–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.020.
Gu, X. L., Z. Dong, Q. Yuan, and W. P. Zhang. 2020. “Corrosion of stirrups under different relative humidity conditions in concrete exposed to chloride environment.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (1): 04019329. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003001.
Guo, T., Z. Chen, T. Liu, and D. Han. 2016. “Time-dependent reliability of strengthened PSC box-girder bridge using phased and incremental static analyses.” Eng. Struct. 117 (Jun): 358–371 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.011.
Helmerich, R., and A. Zunkel. 2014. “Partial collapse of the Berlin Congress Hall on May 21st, 1980.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 43 (Aug): 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.11.013.
Henze, N. 1990. “An approximation to the limit distribution of the epps-pulley test statistic for normality.” Metrika 37 (1): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02613501.
Jeon, C. H., C. D. Nguyen, and C. S. Shim. 2020. “Assessment of mechanical properties of corroded prestressing strands.” Appl. Sci. Basel 10 (12): 4055. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124055.
Kouril, M., P. Pokorny, and J. Stoulil. 2017. “Corrosion mechanism and bond-strength study on galvanized steel in concrete environment.” Corros. Sci. Technol. 16 (2): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.14773/cst.2017.16.2.69.
Lee, B. Y., K. T. Koh, M. A. Ismail, H. S. Ryu, and S. J. Kwon. 2017. “Corrosion and strength behaviors in prestressed tendon under various tensile stress and impressed current conditions.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2017: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8575816.
Lee, J. K., and J. W. Kang. 2019. “Experimental evaluation of vibration response of external post-tensioned tendons with corrosion.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 23 (6): 2561–2572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0735-5.
Li, F. M., X. Y. Luo, K. J. Wang, and Y. S. Ji. 2017. “Pitting damage characteristics on prestressing steel strands by combined action of fatigue load and chloride corrosion.” J. Bridge Eng. 22 (7): 04017023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001057.
Li, S. L., Y. Xu, H. Li, and X. C. Guan. 2014. “Uniform and pitting corrosion modeling for high-strength bridge wires.” J. Bridge Eng. 19 (7): 04014025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000598.
Li, S. L., Y. Xu, S. Y. Zhu, X. C. Guan, and Y. Q. Bao. 2015. “Probabilistic deterioration model of high-strength steel wires and its application to bridge cables.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 11 (9): 1240–1249. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2014.948462.
Majhi, S., A. Mukherjee, N. V. George, and B. Uy. 2019. “Corrosion detection in steel bar: A time-frequency approach.” Ndt&E Int. 107 (33): 102150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2019.102150.
Morales, J. A., J. Torres, N. Rebolledo, and J. Sanchez. 2019. “Experimental and statistical analysis of the corrosion in tendons in contact with water.” Front. Mater. 6: 167. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00167.
Patil, S., B. Karkare, and S. Goyal. 2017. “Corrosion induced damage detection of in-service RC slabs using acoustic emission technique.” Constr. Build. Mater. 156 (Dec): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.177.
Sistonen, E., A. Cwirzen, and J. Puttonen. 2008. “Corrosion mechanism of hot-dip galvanised reinforcement bar in cracked concrete.” Corros. Sci. 50 (12): 3416–3428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.050.
Wang, L., T. Li, L. Z. Dai, W. Chen, and K. Huang. 2020. “Corrosion morphology and mechanical behavior of corroded prestressing strands.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 18 (10): 545–557. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.18.545.
Wang, X.-g., W.-p. Zhang, X.-l. Gu, and H.-c. Dai. 2013. “Determination of residual cross-sectional areas of corroded bars in reinforced concrete structures using easy-to-measure variables.” Constr. Build. Mater. 38 (Jan): 846–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.060.
Yin, J. G., C. H. Deng, Y. G. Fu, and L. C. Li. 2012. “Experimental study of stress corrosion of high-strength wires affected by four typical ions.” Vibr. Struct. Eng. Meas. 226–228 (2012): 1597–1603. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.226-228.1597.
Yoo, C. H., Y. C. Park, and H. K. Kim. 2018. “Modeling corrosion progress of steel wires in external tendons.” J. Bridge Eng. 23 (12): 04018098. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001331.
You, N. Q., J. J. Shi, and Y. M. Zhang. 2020. “Corrosion behaviour of low-carbon steel reinforcement in alkali-activated slag-steel slag and Portland cement-based mortars under simulated marine environment.” Corros. Sci. 175 (Oct): 108874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108874.
Zhang, W., C. Li, X. Gu, and H. Dai. 2014a. “Stochastic model of constitutive relationship for corroded steel bars.” J. Build. Mater. 17 (5): 920–926.
Zhang, W., B. Zhou, X. Gu, and H. Dai. 2014b. “Probability distribution model for cross-sectional area of corroded reinforcing steel bars.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (5): 822–832. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000888.
Zhang, W.-p., C.-k. Li, X.-l. Gu, and Y.-h. Zeng. 2019. “Variability in cross-sectional areas and tensile properties of corroded prestressing wires.” Constr. Build. Mater. 228 (Dec): 116830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116830.
Zhang, X. H., L. Wang, J. R. Zhang, and Y. M. Liu. 2017. “Corrosion-induced flexural behavior degradation of locally ungrouted post-tensioned concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 134 (Mar): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.140.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 8 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 3, 2021
Accepted: Nov 22, 2021
Published online: May 20, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Oct 20, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.