Sustainable Utilization of Waste Jarosite As Alternative Filler in Asphalt Mixes
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 11
Abstract
Jarosite (JS) is an industrial solid waste obtained from zinc industries that plays an important role as a pollutant engendering soil and ground water contamination. The present research article has highlighted the use of JS as a filler material in pavement construction, thereby limiting its pernicious threat to the environment and promoting sustainable construction practices. This study compared the performance of asphalt mastics and mixes made with JS with their counterparts made with conventional materials (stone dust) and a widely used waste (fly ash) filler. A physical and chemical characterization of fillers was completed, and then the asphalt concrete mixes were designed at varied filler proportions (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Subsequently, the asphalt mastics corresponding to various mixes were designed, and their rheological and morphological properties were assessed. Finally, the performance of asphalt mixes against various types of distress was analyzed along with their environmental suitability. The results highlighted that asphalt mixes containing JS exhibited paramount resistance against cracking, moisture sensitivity, and rutting. This result was mostly attributed to the high porosity, finer nature, high specific surface area, and high asphalt–filler interaction of JS. In addition to the superior engineering properties, the asphalt mixes containing JS were also found to exhibit satisfactory environmental suitability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All results, assumptions, and codes produced or used throughout the investigation appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors extend their gratitude to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India, for financial support through student scholarship.
References
AASHTO. 2012. Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO T315. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2014. Resistance of compacted bituminous mixture to moisture induced damage. AASHTO T283. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2019. Standard method of test for hamburg wheel-track testing of compacted hot-mix asphalt (HMA). AASHTO T324. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Agarwal, S. K., M. M. Ali, A. Pahuja, B. K. Singh, and S. Duggal. 2015. “Mineralising effect of Jarosite: A zinc industry by-product in the manufacturing of cement.” Adv. Cem. Res. 27 (5): 248–258. https://doi.org/10.1680/adcr.13.00102.
Ali, S. I. A., A. B. Ismail, Y. Md, R. K. Mohamed, R. Mansob, and I. A. Dhawo. 2015. “Physical and rheological properties of acrylate–styrene–acrylonitrile modified asphalt cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 93 (Sep): 326–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.016.
Anderson, D. A., H. U. Bahia, and R. Dongre. 1992. Rheological properties of mineral filler-asphalt mastics and its importance to pavement performance. ASTM STP. 1147. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Arabani, M., S. A. Tahami, and M. Taghipoor. 2017. “Laboratory investigation of hot mix asphalt containing waste materials.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 18 (3): 713–729. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1189349.
Arora, V., S. N. Sachdeva, and P. Aggarwal. 2015. “Effect of use of Jarosite on workability and early age strength of concrete.” Int. J. Comput. Math. Sci. 4: 136–144.
Asphalt Institute. 2014. Mix design methods for asphalt concrete and other hot-mix types: Manual series. 7th ed. Lexington, KY: Asphalt Institute.
ASTM. 1995. Standard test method for indirect tension test for resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures. ASTM D4123-82. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2007. Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. ASTM D422-63. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2012. Indirect tensile (IDT) strength for bituminous mixtures. ASTM D6931. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. ASTM D854-14. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017. Standard practice for scanning electron microscope beam size characterization. ASTM E986-04. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard test method for methylene blue index of clay. ASTM C837-09. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020a. Standard test method for effect of heat and air on asphaltic materials (thin film oven test). ASTM D1754-94. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020b. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. ASTM D5. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020c. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (ring-and-ball apparatus). ASTM D36. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bagampadde, U. 2004. “On investigation of stripping in asphalt mixes.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere Univ.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard). 1999. Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (determination of fineness by Blaine air permeability test). IS: 4031-II. New Delhi, India: BIS.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2008. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates determination of the water content by drying in a well ventilated oven. BS EN 1097-5. London: BSI.
Cardone, F., F. Frigio, G. Ferrotti, and F. Canestrari. 2015. “Influence of mineral fillers on the rheological response of polymer-modified bitumens and mastics.” J. Traffic Transp. Eng. 2 (6): 373–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2015.06.003.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2003. Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures. Part 1: Delta ring and ball test. EN 13179-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chandra, S., and R. Choudhary. 2013. “Performance characteristics of bituminous concrete with industrial wastes as filler.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25 (11): 1666–1673. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000730.
Chen, M. Z., J. T. Lin, S. P. Wu, and C. H. Liu. 2011. “Utilization of recycled brick powder as alternative filler in asphalt mixture.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (4): 1532–1536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.08.005.
Choudhary, J., B. Kumar, and A. Gupta. 2018. “Application of waste materials as fillers in bituminous mixes.” Waste Manage. 78 (Aug): 417–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.009.
Choudhary, J., B. Kumar, and A. Gupta. 2020a. “Effect of filler on the bitumen-aggregate adhesion in asphalt mix.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 21 (12): 1482–1490. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1549325.
Choudhary, J., B. Kumar, and A. Gupta. 2020b. “Feasible utilization of waste limestone sludge as filler in bituminous concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 239 (Apr): 117781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117781.
Christensen, D. W., and R. F. Bonaquist. 2006. Volumetric requirements for superpave mix design. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council.
Diab, A., and M. Enieb. 2018. “Investigating influence of mineral filler at asphalt mixture and mastic scales.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11 (3): 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.10.008.
EP (Estradas de Portugal). 2009. Construction specifications book: 15.03-paving methods. [In Portuguese.] Lisbon, Portugal: EP.
Huang, B., X. Shu, and X. Chen. 2007. “Effects of mineral fillers on hot-mix asphalt laboratory-measured properties.” Int. J. Pavement Engg. 8 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430600819170.
IRC (Indian Roads Congress). 2018. Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements. IRC: 37. New Delhi, India: IRC.
Korayem, A. H., H. Ziari, M. Hajiloo, and A. Moniri. 2018. “Rutting and fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures containing amorphous carbon as filler and binder modifier.” Constr. Build. Mater. 188 (Nov): 905–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.179.
Leclerc, N., E. Meux, and J. M. Lecuire. 2003. “Hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc from zinc ferrites.” Hydrometallurgy 70 (1–3): 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00079-3.
Mehra, P., R. Chandra, and B. Skariah. 2016. “Assessment of durability characteristics of cement concrete containing Jarosite.” J. Cleaner Prod. 119 (Apr): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.055.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 2003. “Hazardous wastes (management and handling) amendment rules.” Accessed April 1, 2018. http://envfor.nic.in.
Mistry, R., S. Karmakar, and T. K. Roy. 2019. “Experimental evaluation of rice husk ash and fly ash as alternative fillers in hot-mix asphalt.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 20 (4): 979–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1422791.
Modarres, A., and P. Bengar. 2019. “Investigating the indirect tensile stiffness, toughness and fatigue life of hot mix asphalt containing copper slag powder.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 20 (8): 977–985. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1373390.
MoRTH (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways). 2013. Specifications for road and bridge works (fifth revision). New Delhi, India: Indian Road Congress.
Muniandy, R., E. Aburkaba, and L. M. J. Mahdi. 2013. “Effect of mineral filler type and particle size on asphalt-filler mastic and stone mastic asphalt laboratory measured properties.” Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 7 (11): 475–487.
NAPA (National Asphalt Pavement Association). 1999. Vol. 127 of Evaluation of baghouse fines for hot mix asphalt: Information series. Lanham, MD: NAPA.
NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program). 2011. A manual for design of hot-mix asphalt with commentary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Pappu, A., M. Saxena, and S. R. Asolekar. 2006a. “Hazardous jarosite use in developing non-hazardous product for engineering application.” J. Hazard. Mater. 137 (3): 1589–1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.054.
Pappu, A., M. Saxena, and S. R. Asolekar. 2006b. “Jarosite characteristics and its utilization potentials.” Sci. Total Environ. 359 (1–3): 232–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.024.
Pappu, A., M. Saxena, and S. R. Asolekar. 2007. “Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials.” Build. Environ. 42 (6): 2311–2320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.015.
Pappu, A., M. Saxena, and S. R. Asolekar. 2010. “Recycling hazardous jarosite waste using coal combustion residues.” Mater. Charact. 61 (12): 1342–1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2010.09.005.
Pasandín, A. R., P. Ignacio, R. Antonio, and M. C. Miguel. 2016. “Moisture damage resistance of hot-mix asphalt made with paper industry wastes as filler.” J. Cleaner Prod. 112 (Jan): 853–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.016.
Praticò, F. G., A. Moro, and R. Ammendola. 2010. “Potential of fire extinguisher powder as a filler in bituminous mixes.” J. Hazard. Mater. 173 (1–3): 605–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.136.
Sharma, V., S. Chandra, and R. Choudhary. 2010. “Characterization of fly ash bituminous concrete mixes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22 (12): 1209–1216. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000125.
Sinha, A., V. Havanagi, A. Ranjan, S. Mathur, and B. Singh. 2013. “Geotechnical characterization of jarosite waste material for road construction.” In Proc., Indian Geotechnical Conf., 22–24. Berlin: Springer.
Sreedhar, S., P. Jichkar, and K. P. Biligiri. 2016. “Investigation of carbon footprints of highway construction materials in India.” Transp. Res. Procedia 17: 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.11.095.
Theodore, L., and J. Reynold. 1987. Introduction to hazardous waste management. New York: Wiley.
USEPA. 1992. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure. Method 1311. Washington, DC: USEPA.
Vavrik, W. R., W. J. Pine, S. H. Carpenter, and R. Bailey. 2002. Bailey method for gradation selection in hot-mix asphalt mixture design. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council.
West, R. C., and R. S. James. 2006. “Evaluation of a lime kiln dust as a mineral filler for stone matrix asphalt.” In Vol. 750 of Proc., National Center for Asphalt Technology, 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, 1–18. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
White, P., J. S. Golden, K. P. Biligiri, and K. Kaloush. 2010. “Modeling climate change impacts of pavement production and construction.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 54 (11): 776–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.12.007.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 11 • November 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 7, 2020
Accepted: Mar 18, 2021
Published online: Sep 1, 2021
Published in print: Nov 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Feb 1, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Hassan Ziari, Mahdi Zalnezhad, Mohammad Ali Ziari, Performance Evaluation of Colored Slurry Seal Mixture with Steel Slag as a Substituent of Natural Aggregates, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-17172, 36, 7, (2024).
- Pushpendra Kushwaha, Madhu Agarwal, Avijit Ghosh, Value-added products from jarosite hazardous waste: A review, Materials Today: Proceedings, 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.178, 76, (201-205), (2023).
- Pushpendra Kushwaha, Madhu Agarwal, Utilization of metal industry solid waste as an adsorbent for adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solution through the batch and continuous study, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 10.1007/s11356-023-25531-6, (2023).
- Sasan Vahabi Komsari, Hasan Taherkhani, Maryam Pakpour, Investigating the use of zinc production wastes as filler in asphalt mixtures, Road Materials and Pavement Design, 10.1080/14680629.2022.2100808, (1-20), (2022).
- Francesca Russo, Cristina Oreto, Rosa Veropalumbo, Promoting resource conservation in road flexible pavement using jet grouting and plastic waste as filler, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106633, 187, (106633), (2022).
- Abhijit Mondal, R. N. G. D. Ransinchung, Jayvant Choudhary, Sustainable recycling of industrial waste fillers and reclaimed asphalt pavement to produce environmentally feasible warm mix asphalt, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 10.1007/s41062-022-01006-4, 8, 1, (2022).