Manufacture and Engineering Properties of Cementitious Mortar Incorporating Unground Rice Husk Ash as Fine Aggregate
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 10
Abstract
This study investigates the manufacture and engineering properties of cementitious mortar incorporating unground rice husk ash (URHA) as fine aggregate. Six mixtures of mortar were produced with using URHA to substitute for crushed sand in amounts of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume at constant water-to-powder ratio of 0.6 and volume ratio of fine aggregate to powder of 2.5. The experimental series consisted of the flowability, density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and scanning electron microscopy tested under relevant standards. The fresh and dried densities of mortar with URHA significantly reduced from 5% to 29% and from 8% to 39%, respectively, compared to mortar without URHA. The higher ratio of URHA to fine aggregate led to a darker color, and higher water absorption of cementitious mortar. Replacing of 20%–40% fine aggregate volume by URHA produced mortars with comparable compressive strength at later ages. The flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of mortar presented the downtrend with increase of URHA content; however, the developing rate of these values was meaningfully promoted at later ages due to internal curing and pozzolanic action. The present study supported the technical feasibility and environmental friendliness of cementitious mortar produced with replacing the natural fine aggregate up to 100% in volume.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support.
References
Abraham, S. M., and G. D. R. N. Ransinchung. 2018. “Influence of RAP aggregates on strength, durability and porosity of cement mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 189 (Nov): 1105–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.069.
Ashrafian, A., M. J. Taheri Amiri, M. Rezaie-Balf, T. Ozbakkaloglu, and O. Lotfi-Omran. 2018. “Prediction of compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of fiber reinforced concrete incorporating nano silica using heuristic regression methods.” Constr. Build. Mater. 190 (Nov): 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.047.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens). ASTM C109/C109M-12. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013a. Standard specification for concrete aggregates. ASTM C33/C33M-13. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013b. Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete. ASTM C642-13. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for flow of hydraulic cement mortar. ASTM C1437-15. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete. ASTM C597-16. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard test method for fundamental transverse, longitudinal, and torsional resonant frequencies of concrete specimens. ASTM C215-19. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020. Standard test method for flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars. ASTM C348-20. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Badache, A., A. S. Benosman, Y. Senhadji, and M. Mouli. 2018. “Thermo-physical and mechanical characteristics of sand-based lightweight composite mortars with recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE).” Constr. Build. Mater. 163 (Feb): 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.069.
Bui, D. D., J. Hu, and P. Stroeven. 2005. “Particle size effect on the strength of rice husk ash blended gap-graded portland cement concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 27 (3): 357–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.05.002.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 1999. Method of test for mortar for masonry. Part 6: Determination of bulk density of fresh mortar. EN 1015-6. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2015. Specification for mortar for masonry. Part 2: Masonry mortar. EN 998-2. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chen, X., S. Wu, and J. Zhou. 2013. “Influence of porosity on compressive and tensile strength of cement mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 40 (Mar): 869–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.072.
Chindaprasirt, P., and S. Rukzon. 2008. “Strength, porosity and corrosion resistance of ternary blend portland cement, rice husk ash and fly ash mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (8): 1601–1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.06.010.
Cordeiro, G. C., R. D. Toledo, and E. D. R. Fairbairn. 2009. “Use of ultrafine rice husk ash with high-carbon content as pozzolan in high performance concrete.” Mater. Struct. 42 (7): 983–992. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9437-z.
Ganesan, K., K. Rajagopal, and K. Thangavel. 2008. “Rice husk ash blended cement: Assessment of optimal level of replacement for strength and permeability properties of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (8): 1675–1683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.06.011.
Givi, A. N., S. A. Rashid, F. N. A. Aziz, and M. A. M. Salleh. 2010. “Assessment of the effects of rice husk ash particle size on strength, water permeability and workability of binary blended concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (11): 2145–2150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.045.
He, Y., X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Zhou. 2014. “Effects of particle characteristics of lightweight aggregate on mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 72 (Dec): 270–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.043.
Hwang, C. L., and S. Chandra. 1996. “The use of rice husk ash in concrete.” Chap. 4 in Waste materials used in concrete manufacturing, edited by S. Chandra, 184–234. Westwood, NJ: William Andrew.
Jochem, L. F., C. A. Casagrande, and J. C. Rocha. 2020. “Effect of lead in mortars with recycled aggregate and lightweight aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 239 (Apr): 117702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117702.
Kunchariyakun, K., S. Asavapisit, and K. Sombatsompop. 2015. “Properties of autoclaved aerated concrete incorporating rice husk ash as partial replacement for fine aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 55 (Jan): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.07.021.
Lafhaj, Z., M. Goueygou, A. Djerbi, and M. Kaczmarek. 2006. “Correlation between porosity, permeability and ultrasonic parameters of mortar with variable water/cement ratio and water content.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (4): 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.009.
Le, H. T., M. Kraus, K. Siewert, and H.-M. Ludwig. 2015. “Effect of macro-mesoporous rice husk ash on rheological properties of mortar formulated from self-compacting high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 80 (Apr): 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.079.
Martínez, I., M. Etxeberria, E. Pavón, and N. Díaz. 2013. “A comparative analysis of the properties of recycled and natural aggregate in masonry mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 49 (Dec): 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.049.
Mehta, P. K. 1992. “Rice husk ash: A unique supplementary cementing material.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Advances in Concrete Technology, Athens, Greece, 407–430. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concretes Institute.
Nehdi, M., J. Duquette, and A. El Damatty. 2003. “Performance of rice husk ash produced using a new technology as a mineral admixture in concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 33 (8): 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00038-3.
Prasara-A, J., and S. H. Gheewala. 2017. “Sustainable utilization of rice husk ash from power plants: A review.” J. Cleaner Prod. 167 (Nov): 1020–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.042.
Raman, S. N., T. Ngo, P. Mendis, and H. B. Mahmud. 2011. “High-strength rice husk ash concrete incorporating quarry dust as a partial substitute for sand.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (7): 3123–3130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.026.
Rodríguez de Sensale, G. 2006. “Strength development of concrete with rice-husk ash.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 28 (2): 158–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.09.005.
Safiuddin, M., J. S. West, and K. A. Soudki. 2012. “Properties of freshly mixed self-consolidating concretes incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (May): 833–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.066.
Salas, A., S. Delvasto, R. M. de Gutierrez, and D. Lange. 2009. “Comparison of two processes for treating rice husk ash for use in high performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 39 (9): 773–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.05.006.
Skaropoulou, A., K. Sotiriadis, G. Kakali, and S. Tsivilis. 2013. “Use of mineral admixtures to improve the resistance of limestone cement concrete against thaumasite form of sulfate attack.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 37 (Mar): 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.01.007.
Stroeven, P., D. D. Bui, and E. Sabuni. 1999. “Ash of vegetable waste used for economic production of low to high strength hydraulic binders.” Fuel 78 (2): 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00143-4.
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. 2017. Vietnam: Grain and feed annual 2017. Washington, DC: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.
Van, V.-T.-A., C. Rößler, D.-D. Bui, and H.-M. Ludwig. 2014. “Rice husk ash as both pozzolanic admixture and internal curing agent in ultra-high performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 53 (Oct): 270–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.07.015.
Vargas, P., O. Restrepo-Baena, and J. I. Tobón. 2017. “Microstructural analysis of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and its impact on the compressive strength of lightweight concretes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 137 (Apr): 381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.101.
William, W., and T.-H. Arezki. 2014. “Workability and hydration of superplasticized cementitious mixtures with rice husk ash.” Mater. J. 111 (5): 491.
Zhang, M.-H., and V. M. Malhotra. 1996. “High-performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material.” Mater. J. 93 (6): 629–636.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 10 • October 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 12, 2020
Accepted: Feb 11, 2021
Published online: Jul 19, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 19, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Muhammad Nasir Amin, Waqas Ahmad, Kaffayatullah Khan, Mohamed Mahmoud Sayed, Mapping Research Knowledge on Rice Husk Ash Application in Concrete: A Scientometric Review, Materials, 10.3390/ma15103431, 15, 10, (3431), (2022).
- M. P. Naveena, G. Narayana, Alternative fine and coarse aggregates in concrete: a review, i-manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 10.26634/jce.12.1.18480, 12, 1, (35), (2022).
- Osman Gencel, Ahmet Sarı, Gokhan Kaplan, Abid Ustaoglu, Gökhan Hekimoğlu, Oguzhan Yavuz Bayraktar, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Properties of eco-friendly foam concrete containing PCM impregnated rice husk ash for thermal management of buildings, Journal of Building Engineering, 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104961, 58, (104961), (2022).