Influence of Coarse Aggregate Parameters and Mechanical Properties on the Abrasion Resistance of Concrete in Hydraulic Structures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 9
Abstract
The objective of this experimental investigation is to use the ASTM C1138 (underwater) test method to investigate the influence of the quantity and type of coarse aggregates on the hydrodynamic abrasion resistance of concrete. Thereafter, relationships between the abrasion resistance of concrete with its principal mechanical properties are comparatively examined. It is found that the use of natural coarse aggregates to replace fine aggregates by up to 25% does not significantly affect concrete abrasion performance, but the use of recycled tire rubber aggregates with aspect ratios of to replace 25% of natural coarse aggregates increases the abrasion resistance by up to 64% depending on the test duration. Further, concretes produced with natural rounded coarse aggregates of 10 mm significantly outperformed those with angular 20 mm maximum particle size at all test durations by up to 57%. Finally, for the concrete mixtures tested, results indicate that tensile splitting strength is a superior parameter to compressive strength for predicting the concrete abrasion resistance in the ASTM C1138 test and the relations developed for the concretes tested predicted percentage abrasion loss within the margin of .
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published paper.
Acknowledgments
The work presented here is part of a wider research project by the authors. The authors wish to express their gratitude and sincere appreciation to the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering (MACE), University of Manchester, for funding this research, CEMEX UK, Elkem AS (Norway), and Sika UK Ltd. for supplying some of the materials used; Mr. Brian Farrington (Belfour Beatty, UK), Mr. Paul Nedwell, and Mr. John Mason (MACE) for advice and assistance with the experimental work.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2010. Report on high-strength concrete. ACI Committee 363. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2017. Report on the erosion of concrete in hydraulic structures. ACI Committee 207. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ASTM. 1978. Specification for Portland cement. ASTM C150. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for abrasion resistance of concrete (Underwater method). ASTM C1138. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Branston, J., S. Das, S. Y. Kenno, and C. Taylor. 2016. “Mechanical behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 124: 878–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.009.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2002a. Aggregates for concrete. BS EN 12620. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2002b. Eurocode—Basis of structural design. BS EN 1990. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2009a. Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens. BS EN 12390-3. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2009b. Testing hardened concrete. Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens. BS EN 12390-6. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2009c. Testing hardened concrete. Tensile splitting strength of test specimens. BS EN 12390-6. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2011. Cement. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. BS EN 197-1. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2013a. Maritime works: General—Code of practice for materials. BS 6349-1-4. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2013b. Testing hardened concrete. Determination of secant modulus of elasticity in compression. BS EN 12390-13. London: BSI.
Burwell, J. T. 1957. “Survey of possible wear mechanisms.” Wear 1 (2): 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(57)90005-4.
Carollo, F. G., V. Ferro, and D. Termini. 2002. “Flow velocity measurements in vegetated channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 128 (7): 664–673. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:7(664).
Chen, Y., and S. Kao. 2011. “Velocity distribution in open channels with submerged aquatic plant.” Hydrol. Processes 25 (13): 2009–2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7953.
China Water Power Press. 2006. Test code for hydraulic concrete [In Chinese.] SL 352. Beijing: China Water Power Press.
Chinese Standard. 2007. Chinese standard: Common Portland cement. GB175. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Choi, S., and J. E. Bolander. 2012. “A topology measurement method examining hydraulic abrasion of high workability concrete.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 16 (5): 771–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1135-2.
Cross, W. M., K. H. Sabnis, L. Kjerengtroen, and J. J. Kellar. 2000. “Microhardness testing of fiber-reinforced cement paste.” ACI Mater. J. 97 (2): 162–167. https://doi.org/10.14359/819.
Cunningham, L., and A. Burgess. 2012. “Design and construction of the tower headland wave walls, Blackpool, UK.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Civ. Eng. 165 (4): 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.12.00007.
Cunningham, L., G. Robertshaw, and M. Pomfret. 2012. “Blackpool central area coast protection scheme, UK.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Marit. Eng. 165 (1): 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1680/maen.2012.165.1.21.
Cunningham, L. S., B. Farrington, and A. Doherty. 2015. “Briefing: Abrasion performance of concrete in coastal structures.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Marit. Eng. 168 (4): 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmaen.15.00011.
De Larrard, F., and A. Belloc. 1997. “The influence of aggregate on the compressive strength of normal and high-strength concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 94 (5): 417–425. https://doi.org/10.14359/326.
Finnie, I. 1960. “Erosion of surfaces by solid particles.” Wear 3 (2): 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(60)90055-7.
Hasparyk, N. P., P. J. M. Monteiro, and H. Carasek. 2000. “Effect of silica fume and rice husk ash on alkali-silica reaction.” ACI Mater. J. 97 (4): 486–492. https://doi.org/10.14359/7416.
Hayter, A. 2012. Probability and statistics for engineers and scientists. Boston: Brooks/Cole.
Horszczaruk, E. 2005. “Abrasion resistance of high-strength concrete in hydraulic structures.” Wear 259 (1–6): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.079.
Horszczaruk, E., and P. Brzozowski. 2017. “Effects of fluidal fly ash on abrasion resistance of underwater repair concrete.” Wear 376–377: 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.051.
Horszczaruk, E. K. 2009. “Hydro-abrasive erosion of high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” Wear 267 (1–4): 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.010.
Jacobsen, S., G. W. Scherer, and E. M. Schulson. 2015. “Concrete-ice abrasion mechanics.” Cem. Concr. Res. 73 (2015): 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.01.001.
Johnson, K. L. 1985. Contact mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kang, J., B. Zhang, and G. Li. 2012. “The abrasion-resistance investigation of rubberized concrete.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci. Ed. 27 (6): 1144–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-012-0619-8.
Kouwen, N., T. E. Unny, and H. M. Hill. 1969. “Flow retardance in vegetated channels.” J. Irrig. Drain. Div. 95 (2): 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1061/JRCEA4.0000652.
Kryžanowski, A., M. Mikoš, J. Šušteršič, and I. Planinc. 2009. “Abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures.” ACI Mater. J. 106 (4): 349–356. https://doi.org/10.14359/56655.
Liu, T. C. 1981. “Abrasion resistance of concrete.” ACI J. 78 (5): 341–350. https://doi.org/10.14359/10518.
Liu, T. C., and J. E. McDonald. 1981. “Abrasion-erosion resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Aggregates 3 (2): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1520/CCA10211J.
Oluokun, F. A. 1991. “Prediction of concrete tensile strength from compressive strength: Evaluation of existing relations for normal weight concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 88 (3): 302–309. https://doi.org/10.14359/1942.
Omoding, N., L. S. Cunningham, and G. F. Lane-Serff. 2020. “Review of concrete resistance to abrasion by waterborne solids.” ACI Mater. J. 117 (3): 41–52. https://doi.org/10.14359/51724592.
Proverbio, E. 2001. “Stability of reference electrodes embedded in concrete: A statistical evaluation.” Mag. Concr. Res. 53 (4): 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2001.53.4.225.
Raphael, J. 1984. “Tensile strength of concrete.” ACI J. 81 (2): 158–165. https://doi.org/10.14359/10653.
RILEM (Reunion Internationale des Laboratories et Experts des Materiaux, systemes de construction et ouvrages). 1990. “Determination of fracture parameters (K Ic s and CTODc) of plain concrete using three-point bend tests.” Mater. Struct. 23 (6): 457–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472029.
Sonebi, M., and K. Khayat. 2001. “Testing abrasion resistance of high-strength concrete.” Cem. Concr. Aggregates 23 (1): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1520/CCA10523J.
Standards Council of Canada. 1983. Portland cements. CAN3-A5-M83. Ottawa: Standards Council of Canada.
Teychenne, D., J. Nicholls, R. Franklin, and D. Hobbs. 1997. Design of normal concrete mixes. Watford: Building Research Establishment.
Thomas, B. S., S. Kumar, P. Mehra, R. C. Gupta, M. Joseph, and L. J. Csetenyi. 2016. “Abrasion resistance of sustainable green concrete containing waste tire rubber particles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 124 (2016): 906–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.110.
Vassou, V. C., N. R. Short, and R. J. Kettle. 2008. “Microstructural investigations into the abrasion resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete floors.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 20 (2): 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:2(157).
Wang, L., H. Q. Yang, Y. Dong, E. Chen, and S. W. Tang. 2018. “Environmental evaluation, hydration, pore structure, volume deformation and abrasion resistance of low heat Portland (LHP) cement-based materials.” J. Cleaner Prod. 203: 540–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.281.
Wentworth, C. K. 1922. “A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments.” J. Geol. 30 (5): 377–392. https://doi.org/10.1086/622910.
Young, B., and A. Millman. 1964. “Microhardness and deformation characteristics of ore minerals.” Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. 73: 437–466.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 9 • September 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 30, 2020
Accepted: Jan 25, 2021
Published online: Jul 13, 2021
Published in print: Sep 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 13, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Jie Li, Yin Bai, Yuebo Cai, Yeran Zhu, Evaluation of Concrete Abrasion Using Traditional and High-Speed Underwater Methods, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004693, 35, 4, (2023).
- Qinghe Wang, Ruixin Liu, Puyuan Liu, Changyong Liu, Liye Sun, Huan Zhang, Effects of silica fume on the abrasion resistance of low-heat Portland cement concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127165, 329, (127165), (2022).
- Chiara Telloli, Alessandra Aprile, Elena Marrocchino, Petrographic and Physical-Mechanical Investigation of Natural Aggregates for Concrete Mixtures, Materials, 10.3390/ma14195763, 14, 19, (5763), (2021).