Multiphase Sphere Modeling of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete: Freezing–Thawing Performance
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 7
Abstract
Replacing more than 50% of the cement in concrete with fly ash produces high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete, which likely reduces the life-cycle cost and environmental footprints of concrete. In cold climates, the susceptibility of HVFA concrete to freezing–thawing cycles is a durability concern if no appropriate measures are taken. This study modeled the degradation of dynamic modulus of elasticity of HVFA concrete during the freezing–thawing cycles. A four-phase sphere composite model considering the unhydrated fly ash particles in HVFA concrete is proposed to interpret the change in dynamic modulus of elasticity. The modeled values were in good agreement with the measured values; therefore, this model sheds new light on the deterioration of HVFA concrete caused by freeze/thaw damage cycles. Parameter analysis clarified the influence of the key factors in this model.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
S. Du and X. Shi acknowledge the funding support provided by the National Center for Transportation Infrastructure Durability & Life-Extension. S. Du also acknowledges the support by the John Faber Scholarship provided by the American Coal Ash Association Educational Foundation (ACAAEF), and the Richard Perteet Graduate Fellowship in Civil Engineering provided by Washington State University. The authors thank Dr. Scott Boroughs at the WSU Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical Lab for his assistance in the use of the microprobe. The authors also thank Dr. Ladean McKittrick at the Subzero Research Laboratory at Montana State University for his assistance in conducting the micro-CT scanning.
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Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 7 • July 2021
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Received: Jun 3, 2020
Accepted: Dec 29, 2020
Published online: May 4, 2021
Published in print: Jul 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Oct 4, 2021
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