Effect of Recycled Concrete Aggregate on Rutting and Stiffness Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 10
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of the addition of coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA) on the rutting and stiffness of Ontario Superpave mixtures. Mix designs of asphalt mixtures were performed for two types of CRCA at various proportions. To enhance the properties of CRCA, a combination of different treatment methods was investigated. The physical characteristics of treated and untreated CRCA were evaluated. The impact of treated and untreated CRCA on the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures was determined. The obtained results indicated that the use of a combination technique of different treatment methods is a highly successful method for improving various physical properties. The addition of two types of untreated CRCA in various proportions produces higher rutting resistance and higher stiffness than the control mix. The CRCA type has an effect on the rutting characteristics of asphalt mixtures. The application of treated CRCA with heat treatment and short mechanical treatment leads to an increase in the rutting resistance, a decrease in the total rut depth, a slight increase in the stiffness, and an increase in the rutting parameter of asphalt mixtures depending on the type of CRCA. The application of treated CRCA with a presoaking method and short mechanical treatment results in an increase in the stiffness and rutting factor of mixtures depending on the type of CRCA. The results indicate that the application of different CRCA types in various forms—treated and untreated—is very successful and can contribute significantly toward more RCA applications with asphalt pavements.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding provided by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research/Iraq through the Iraqi Scholarship/Doctoral Program. The authors are also grateful to Steed and Evans Limited in St. Jacobs, Ontario for providing recycled concrete aggregate material and the Miller Group in Toronto, Ontario for supplying the natural aggregate and asphalt binder.
References
AASHTO. 2006. Standard practice for mixture conditioning of hot mix asphalt (HMA). AASTHO R 30-02. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2007. Standard method of test for determining dynamic modulus of hot-mix asphalt concrete mixtures. AASHTO TP 62. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2008. Hamburg wheel-track testing of compacted hot mix asphalt (HMA). AASHTO T324. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Al-Bayati, H. K. A., P. K. Das, S. L. Tighe, and H. Baaj. 2016. “Evaluation of various treatment methods for enhancing the physical and morphological properties of coarse recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 112 (Jun): 284–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.176.
Arabani, M., F. Moghadas Nejad, and A. R. Azarhoosh. 2013. “Laboratory evaluation of recycled waste concrete into asphalt mixtures.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 14 (6): 531–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2012.747685.
ASTM. 2001. Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of coarse aggregate. ASTM C 127. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for resistance of coarse aggregate to degradation by abrasion in the micro-deval apparatus1. ASTM D6928. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Behring, Z. 2013. “Evaluating the use of recycled concrete aggregate in French drain applications.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Univ. of Central Florida Orlando.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 1990. Testing aggregates-methods for determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV). London: British Standards Institution.
Butler, L., S. Tighe, and J. West. 2013a. “Guidelines for the selection and use of recycled concrete aggregates in structural concrete.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2335 (1): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.3141/2335-01.
Gul, W. A. 2008. “Effect of recycled cement concrete content on rutting behaviour of asphalt concrete.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical Univ.
Gul, W. A., and M. Guler. 2014. “Rutting susceptibility of asphalt concrete with recycled concrete aggregate using revised Marshall procedure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 55 (Mar): 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.043.
Ismail, S., and M. Ramli. 2013. “Engineering properties of treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for structural applications.” Constr. Build. Mater. 44 (Jul): 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.014.
Kong, D., T. Lei, J. Zheng, C. Ma, J. Jiang, and J. Jiang. 2010. “Effect and mechanism of surface-coating pozzalanics materials around aggregate on properties and ITZ microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (5): 701–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.038.
Lee, C. H., J. C. Du, and D. H. Shen. 2012. “Evaluation of pre-coated recycled concrete aggregate for hot mix asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 28 (1): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.025.
Liu, J., S. Zhao, P. Li, and S. Saboundjian. 2017. “Variability of composition, volumetric, and mechanic properties of hot mix asphalt for quality assurance.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (3): D4015004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001481.
Mills-Beale, J., and Z. You. 2010. “The mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (3): 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.046.
Mohammad, L. N., Z. Wu, S. Obulareddy, S. Cooper, and C. Abadie. 2006. “Permanent deformation analysis of HMA mixtures using simple performance tests and the 2002 mechanistic-empirical pavement design software.” Trans. Res. Rec. 1970 (1): 133–142.
Ngxongo, B. N., and D. Allopi. 2017. “The effect of rutting in flexible pavement as a result of aggregate gradation on asphalt mixes.” Eur. J. Adv. Eng. Technol. 4 (10): 717–722.
Oufa, M. S., and A. A. Abdolsamedb. 2016. “Controlling rutting performance of hot mix asphalt.” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 6 (12): 872–882.
Pasandín, A. R., and I. Pérez. 2013. “Laboratory evaluation of hot-mix asphalt containing construction and demolition waste.” Constr. Build. Mater. 43 (Jun): 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.052.
Pasandín, A. R., and I. Pérez. 2014. “Mechanical properties of hot-mix asphalt made with recycled concrete aggregates coated with bitumen emulsion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 55 (Mar): 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.053.
Pepe, M., R. D. Toledo Filho, E. A. Koenders, and E. Martinelli. 2014. “Alternative processing procedures for recycled aggregates in structural concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 69 (Oct): 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.084.
Pérez, I., A. R. Pasandín, and L. Medina. 2012. “Hot mix asphalt using C&D waste as coarse aggregates.” Mater. Des. 36 (Apr): 840–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.12.058.
Pérez, I., M. Toledano, and J. Gallego. 2009. “Construction and demolition debris in hot mix asphalt.” In Proc., Road Pavement Material Characterization and Rehabilitation: Selected Papers from the 2009 GeoHunan Int. Conf., 141–146. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Poulikakos, L. D., et al. 2017. “Harvesting the unexplored potential of European waste materials for road construction.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 116 (Jan): 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.008.
Radević, A., A. Đureković, D. Zakić, and G. Mladenović. 2017. “Effects of recycled concrete aggregate on stiffness and rutting resistance of asphalt concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 136 (Apr): 386–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.043.
Shaheen, M., A. Al-Mayah, and S. Tighe. 2017. “Effects of high friction aggregate and PG Plus binder on rutting resistance of hot mix asphalt mixtures.” Int. J. Eng. 18 (4): 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001467.
Shen, D. H., and J. C. Du. 2004. “Evaluation of building materials recycling on HMA permanent deformation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 18 (6): 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.03.007.
Shen, D. H., and J. C. Du. 2005. “Application of gray relational analysis to evaluate HMA with reclaimed building materials.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 17 (4): 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:4(400).
Tam, V. W., C. M. Tam, and K. N. Le. 2007. “Removal of cement mortar remains from recycled aggregate using pre-soaking approaches.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 50 (1): 82–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.012.
Witczak, M. W., K. Kaloush, T. Pellinen, M. El-Basyouny, and H. Von Quintus. 2002. Simple performance test for superpave mix design. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Wong, Y. D., D. D. Sun, and D. Lai. 2007. “Value-added utilisation of recycled concrete in hot-mix asphalt.” Waste Manage. (Oxford) 27 (2): 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.02.001.
Wu, S., J. Zhong, J. Zhu, and D. Wang. 2013. “Influence of demolition waste used as recycled aggregate on performance of asphalt mixture.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 14 (3): 679–688. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.779304.
Zhang, J., L. F. Walubita, A. N. Faruk, P. Karki, and G. S. Simate. 2015. “Use of the MSCR test to characterize the asphalt binder properties relative to HMA rutting performance—A laboratory study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (Sep): 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.044.
Zhu, J., S. Wu, J. Zhong, and D. Wang. 2012. “Investigation of asphalt mixture containing demolition waste obtained from earthquake-damaged buildings.” Constr. Build. Mater. 29 (Apr): 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.09.023.
Zoorob, S. E., and L. B. Suparma. 2000. “Laboratory design and investigation of the properties of continuously graded Asphaltic concrete containing recycled plastics aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt).” Cem. Concr. Compos. 22 (4): 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00026-3.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 12, 2018
Accepted: Mar 5, 2019
Published online: Jul 24, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 24, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.