Effects of Aging and Rejuvenation on Surface-Free Energy Measurements and Adhesion of Asphalt Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 7
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to understand the impacts of aging and rejuvenation on fundamental properties of asphalt binders. A Performance Grade (PG) 64-22 binder was aged to simulate the aging of asphalt mixes during construction and in-service conditions. The binders’ surface tension property, i.e., contact angles between binder and three probe liquids, was measured using a sessile drop device. This property was then used to estimate surface free energy components of the control binder, aged binders, and rejuvenated binders using the Good–van Oss–Chaudhury postulation. Cohesive and adhesive bond energies of asphalt–aggregate systems under dry and wet conditions were also analyzed. The aggregates considered in this study were limestone and granite; these aggregates have different moisture affinities. The data showed that as asphalt ages, the contact angle between a liquid (distilled water) and the asphalt surface increases; however, for the other two probe liquids (formamide and glycerol), no pattern was observed. For the surface free energy components of the control binder, the aged binders, and the binders with rejuvenators, the contribution from Lifshitz–van der Waals components were comparatively much higher than those from acidic and basic components. The rejuvenators seemed to be effective at improving the cohesive energy of asphalt binder, suggesting an improvement in the water damage resistance of the mix. In general, the limestone-based asphalt concrete mixture showed a higher moisture damage resistance than the asphalt concrete mixture with granite.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Aguiar-Moya, J. P., J. Salazar-Delgado, A. Baldi-Sevilla, F. Leiva-Villacorta, and L. Loria-Salazar. 2015. “Effect of aging on adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures with the use of bitumen bond strength and surface energy measurement tests.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2505: 57–65. https://doi.org/10.3141/2505-08.
Al-Qadi, I., I. Abuawad, H. Dhasmana, A. R. Coenen, and J. S. Trepanier. 2014. Effects of various asphalt binder additives/modifiers on moisture susceptible asphaltic mixture. Springfield, IL: Illinois DOT.
Bhasin, A., J. Howson, E. Masad, D. Little, and R. Lytton. 2007. “Effect of modification processes on bond energy of asphalt binders.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1998: 29–37. https://doi.org/10.3141/1998-04.
Cheng, D., D. Little, R. Lytton, and J. Holste. 2002. “Surface energy measurement of asphalt and its application to predicting fatigue and healing in asphalt mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1810: 44–53. https://doi.org/10.3141/1810-06.
Erskine, J. A., S. A. Hesp, and F. Kaveh. 2012. “Another look at accelerated aging of asphalt cements in the pressure aging vessel.” In Proc., Eurasphalt and Eurobitume Congress, 13–15. Brussels, Belgium: European Asphalt Pavement Association.
Ghabchi, R., D. Singh, and M. Zaman. 2014. “Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes containing RAP and different types of aggregates and asphalt binders using the surface free energy method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 73: 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.042.
Grenfell, J., A. Apeagyei, and G. Airey. 2015. “Moisture damage assessment using surface energy, bitumen stripping and the SATS moisture conditioning procedure.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 16 (5): 411–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1007235.
Hamedi, G., and F. Nejad. 2014. “Using energy parameters based on the surface free energy concept to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (2): 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.990049.
Hefer, A. W., and D. N. Little. 2004. “Adhesion in bitumen-aggregate systems and quantification of the effects of water on the adhesive bond. College Station, TX: Univ. of Texas at Austin.
Hossain, Z., M. Zaman, T. Hawa, and M. C. Saha. 2015. “Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of nanoclay-modified asphalt binders through the surface science approach.” 27 (10): 04014261. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001228.
Kakar, M. R., M. O. Hamzah, M. N. Akhtar, and D. Woodward. 2016. “Surface free energy and moisture susceptibility evaluation of asphalt binders modified with surfactant-based chemical additive.” J. Cleaner Prod. 112 (Part 4): 2342–2353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.101.
Kassem, E., L. G. Cucalon, E. Masad, and D. Little. 2016. “Effect of warm mix additives on the interfacial bonding characteristics of asphalt binders.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 19 (12): 1111–1124. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2016.1240563.
Kim, S.-H., J.-H. Jeong, and N. Kim. 2003. “Use of surface free energy properties to predict moisture damage potential of asphalt concrete mixture in cyclic loading condition.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 7 (4): 381–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02895836.
Koc, M., and R. Bulut. 2014. “Assessment of a sessile drop device and a new testing approach measuring contact angles on aggregates and asphalt binders.” 26 (3): 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000852.
Li, B., J. Yang, X. Li, X. Liu, F. Han, and L. Li. 2015. “Effect of short-term aging process on the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures and binders containing sasobit warm mix additive.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015: 8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/425827.
Lu, X., Y. Talon, and P. Redelius. 2010. “Aging of bituminous binders: Laboratory tests and field data.” In Proc., 4th Eurasphalt and Eurobitume Congress. Brussels, Belgium: European Asphalt Pavement Association.
Lytton, R. L., E. A. Masad, C. Zollinger, and R. Bulut. 2005. Measurements of surface energy and its relationship to moisture damage. Austin, TX: Texas DOT.
Moraes, R., R. Velasquez, and H. Bahia. 2017. “Using bond strength and surface energy to estimate moisture resistance of asphalt-aggregate systems.” Constr. Build. Mater. 130: 156–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.043.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2007. Using surface energy measurements to select materials for asphalt pavements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Tan, Y., and M. Guo. 2013. “Using surface free energy method to study the cohesion and adhesion of asphalt mastic of asphalt mastic.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47: 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.067.
Tarrer, A., and V. Wagh. 1991. The effect of the physical and chemnical characteristics of the aggregate on bonding. Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council.
Van Oss, C. J., M. K. Chaudhury, and R. J. Good. 1988. “Interfacial Lifshitz-van der Waals and polar interactions in macroscopic systems.” Chem. Rev. 88 (6): 927–941. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00088a006.
Wasiuddin, N., C. M. Fogle, M. M. Zaman, and E. O’Rear. 2007. “Characterization of thermal degradation of liquid amine anti-strip additives in asphalt binders due to RTFO and PAV-aging.” J. Test. Eval. 35 (4): 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE100660.
Wasiuddin, N., M. Zaman, and E. O’Rear. 2008. “Effect of sasobit and aspha-min on wettability and adhesion between asphalt binders and aggregates.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2051: 80–89. https://doi.org/10.3141/2051-10.
Wei, J., F. Dong, Y. Li, and Y. Zhang. 2014. “Relationship analysis between surface free energy and chemical composition of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71: 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.024.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 7 • July 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 27, 2018
Accepted: Jan 31, 2019
Published online: May 7, 2019
Published in print: Jul 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Oct 7, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.