Relationship between Chemistry and Mechanical Properties of RAP Binder Blends
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 7
Abstract
The present study aims to explain the dependency of different mechanical properties [penetration, softening point, viscosity, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) parameters] and chemical parameters of reclaimed-asphalt pavement (RAP) binder. Viscosity grade (VG30) and VG40 virgin binders, RAP binder, and different VG30 + RAP blends, were investigated. Complex shear modulus and phase angle were measured at different temperatures, and creep compliance and percent recovery were evaluated at 60°C. Functional groups were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Aging parameters ICO, ISO, and ICC increased with RAP proportion, whereas ICH decreased. No trend could be observed for OH/CH. The ICO, ISO, ICC, and ICH parameters correlated well with the mechanical properties of the blends. This study will be useful for better understanding of the relationship between the mechanical and chemical properties of RAP binders. The demonstration of the applicability of the rule of mixes for different mechanical and chemical parameters will be useful in the design of RAP mixes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Asphalt Institute. 2015. Mix design methods for asphalt concrete and other hot-mix types (No. 2). College Park, MD: Asphalt Institute.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) of asphalt binder using dynamic shear rheometer. ASTM 7405. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Christensen, D. W., and D. A. Anderson. 1992. “Chemical-physical property relationships for asphalt cements and the dispersed polar fluid model.” Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Fuel Chem. 37 (3): 1279–1291.
Firoozifar, S. H., S. Foroutan, and S. Foroutan. 2011. “The effect of asphaltene on thermal properties of bitumen.” Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 89 (10): 2044–2048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2011.01.025.
Gong, M., J. Yang, H. Yao, M. Wang, X. Niu, and J. E. Haddock. 2017. “Investigating the performance, chemical, and microstructure properties of carbon nanotube-modified asphalt binder.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 19 (7): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1323661.
Griffin, R. L., W. C. Simpson, and T. K. Miles. 1959. “Influence of composition of paving asphalt on viscosity, viscosity-temperature susceptibility, and durability.” J. Chem. Eng. Data 4 (4): 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1021/je60004a019.
Jung, S. H. 2006. The effects of asphalt binder oxidation on hot mix asphalt concrete mixture rheology and fatigue performance. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Univ.
Kim, Y. R., D. N. Little, and F. C. Benson. 1990. “Chemical and mechanical evaluation on healing mechanism of asphalt concrete (with discussion).” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 59: 240–275.
Kringos, N., A. Schmets, A. T. Pauli, and T. Scarpas. 2009. “A finite element based chemo_mechanical model to simulate healing of bitumen.” In Proc., ISAP Int. Workshop on the Chemo-Mechanics of Bituminous Materials. Delft, Netherlands: TU Delft.
Lamontagne, J., P. Dumas, V. Mouillet, and J. Kister. 2001. “Comparison by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of different ageing techniques: Application to road bitumens.” Fuel 80 (4): 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00121-6.
Lau, C. K., K. M. Lunsford, C. J. Glover, R. R. Davison, and J. A. Bullin. 1992. “Reaction rates and hardening susceptibilities as determined from pressure oxygen vessel aging of asphalts.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1342: 50–57.
Lin, M. S., K. M. Linsford, C. J. Glover, R. R. Davidson, and J. A. Bullin. 1995. “The effects of asphaltenes on the chemical and physical characteristics of asphalts.” In Asphaltenes: Fundamentals and applications, edited by E. Y. Shen and O. C. Mullins, 155–176. New York: Plenum Press.
Liu, M., M. A. Ferry, R. R. Davison, C. J. Glover, and J. A. Bullin. 1998. “Oxygen uptake as correlated to carbonyl growth in aged asphalts and asphalt Corbett fractions.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37 (12): 4669–4674. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie980450o.
Lv, Q., W. Huang, and F. Xiao. 2017. “Laboratory evaluation of self-healing properties of various modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 136: 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.045.
Marsac, P., N. Piérard, L. Porot, J. Grenfell, V. Mouillet, S. Pouget, and M. Hugener. 2014. “Potential and limits of FTIR methods for reclaimed asphalt characterisation.” Mater. Struct. 47 (8): 1273–1286. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0248-0.
Nivitha, R. 2016. “Rheological investigations and FTIR spectroscopy of unmodified and modified bitumen.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras.
Noferini, L., A. Simone, C. Sangiorgi, and F. Mazzotta. 2017. “Investigation on performances of asphalt mixtures made with reclaimed asphalt pavement: Effects of interaction between virgin and RAP bitumen.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 10 (4): 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.03.011.
Oyekunle, L. O. 2006. “Certain relationships between chemical composition and properties of petroleum asphalts from different origin.” Oil Gas Sci. Technol. -Revue de l’IFP 61 (3): 433–441. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2006043a.
Oyekunle, L. O. 2007. “Influence of chemical composition on the physical characteristics of paving asphalts.” Pet. Sci. Technol. 25 (11): 1401–1414. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916460500528854.
Pauli, A. T., and S. C. Huang. 2013. “Relationship between asphalt compatibility, flow properties, and oxidative aging.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 6 (1): 1–7.
Perez-Martinez, M., P. Marsac, T. Gabet, and E. Chailleux. 2016. “Prediction of the mechanical properties of aged asphalt mixes from FTIR measurements.” In Proc., 8th RILEM Int. Symp. on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials, 399–409. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Petersen, J. C. 2009. A review of the fundamentals of asphalt oxidation: Chemical, physicochemical, physical property, and durability relationships. Washington, DC: National Academies of Engineering.
Petersen, J. C., J. F. Branthaver, R. E. Robertson, P. M. Harnsberger, J. J. Duvall, and E. K. Ensley. 1993. “Effects of physicochemical factors on asphalt oxidation kinetics.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1391: 1–10.
Petersen, J. C., and R. Glaser. 2011. “Asphalt oxidation mechanisms and the role of oxidation products on age hardening revisited.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 12 (4): 795–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2011.9713895.
Petersen, J. C., P. M. Harnsberger, and R. E. Robertson. 1986. “Factors affecting the oxidation and age hardening kinetics of asphalt and the relative effects of oxidation products on viscosity.” Div. Fuel Chem. 41 (4): 1232–1244.
Robertson, R. E., J. F. Branthaver, H. E. N. R. Y. Plancher, J. J. Duvall, E. K. Ensley, P. M. Harnsberger, and J. C. Petersen. 1991. Chemical properties of asphalts and their relationship to pavement performance. Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council.
Sheu, E. Y., and O. C. Mullins. 1995. Asphaltenes—Fundamentals and applications. New York: Plenum Press.
Simpson, W. C., R. L. Griffin, and T. K. Miles. 1961. “Relationship of asphalt properties to chemical constitution.” J. Chem. Eng. Data 6 (3): 426–429. https://doi.org/10.1021/je00103a029.
Singh, D., and D. Sawant. 2016. “Understanding effects of RAP on rheological performance and chemical composition of SBS modified binder using series of laboratory tests.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 9 (3): 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.06.002.
Usmani, A. 1997. Asphalt science and technology. Milton, Canada: CRC Press.
Wei, J., F. Dong, Y. Li, and Y. Zhang. 2014. “Relationship analysis between surface free energy and chemical composition of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71: 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.024.
Weigel, S., and D. Stephan. 2017a. “Relationships between the chemistry and the physical properties of bitumen.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 19 (7): 1636–1650. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1338189.
Weigel, S., and D. Stephan. 2017b. “The prediction of bitumen properties based on FTIR and multivariate analysis methods.” Fuel 208: 655–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.048.
Zhang, K., S. Shen, J. Lim, and B. Muhunthan. 2018. “Development of dynamic modulus based mixture blending chart for asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP).” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (2): 04018382. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002606.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 7 • July 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 6, 2018
Accepted: Jan 29, 2019
Published online: May 7, 2019
Published in print: Jul 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Oct 7, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.