Mechanical Characterization of Steel-Reinforced Grout for Strengthening of Existing Masonry and Concrete Structures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 5
Abstract
Steel-reinforced grout (SRG) materials are thin laminates made of continuous fabrics of high-strength steel cords embedded within a cementitious matrix. This paper investigates the mechanical characterization of four SRG systems used to strengthen masonry and concrete structures. Characterization tests were conducted in accordance with current standards. The SRG systems investigated in this study were composed of two types of steel textiles of different mass density, combined with two different types of mortar (a cement-based and a hydraulic lime-based mortar). A total of 95 SRG specimens were manufactured to carry out tensile (80 specimens) and interlaminar shear (15 specimens) tests. In addition, 70 pull-off bond tests were executed on several substrates (clay brick, concrete masonry, and cementitious masonry units). Moreover, compression tests on 40 mortar cubes were conducted to determine the strength of the matrices at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The test results are presented and discussed clearly identifying the mechanical parameters of SRG composites.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the University Transportation Center “Research on Concrete; Applications for Sustainable Transportation (RE-CAST)” under Grant US DOT DTRT13-G-UTC45 and the National Science Foundation Industry/University Center for Integration of Composites into Infrastructure (CICI) under Grant NSF IIP-1439543.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2013. Guide to design and construction of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems for repair and strengthening concrete and masonry structures. ACI 549.4R. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Arboleda, D., F. G. Carozzi, A. Nanni, and C. Poggi. 2016. “Procedures for the uniaxial tensile characterization of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix composites.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (3): 04015063. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000626.
Ascione, L., G. de Felice, and S. De Santis. 2015. “A qualification method for externally bonded fibre reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) reinforcement systems.” Compos. Part B-Eng. 78: 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.079.
ASTM. 2016. Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens). ASTM C109. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Barton, B., E. Wobbe, L. R. Dharani, P. Silva, V. Birman, A. Nanni, T. Alkhrdaji, J. Thomas, and G. Tunis. 2005. “Characterization of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by steel reinforced polymers and grout (SRP and SRG) composites.” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 412 (1–2): 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.151.
Borri, A., P. Casadei, G. Castori, and J. Hammond. 2009. “Strengthening of brick masonry arches with externally bonded steel reinforced composites.” J. Compos. Constr. 13 (6): 468–475. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000030.
Borri, A., G. Castori, and M. Corradi. 2011. “Shear behavior of masonry panels strengthened by high strength steel cords.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2): 494–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.05.014.
D’Antino, T., L. H. Sneed, C. Carloni, and C. Pellegrino. 2015. “Influence of the substrate characteristics on the bond behavior of PBO FRCM-concrete joints.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101: 838–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.045.
De Santis, S., et al. 2017. “Round robin test on tensile and bond behaviour of steel reinforced grout systems.” Compos. Part B-Eng. 127: 100–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.03.052.
De Santis, S., and G. de Felice. 2015. “Steel reinforced grout systems for the strengthening of masonry structures.” Compos. Struct. 134: 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.094.
De Santis, S., G. de Felice, A. Napoli, and R. Realfonzo. 2016. “Strengthening of structures with steel reinforced polymers: A state-of-the-art review.” Compos. Part B 104: 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.025.
Huang, X., V. Birman, A. Nanni, and G. Tunis. 2005. “Properties and potential for application of steel reinforced polymer and steel reinforced grout composites.” Compos. Part B-Eng. 36 (1): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(03)00080-5.
ICC-ES (ICC Evaluation Service). 2016. Acceptance criteria for masonry and concrete strengthening using fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composite systems. AC434. Whittier, CA: ICC-ES.
Kerakoll S.p.A. 2018. “Solutions and products: Technical documents.” Accessed February, 2018. www.kerakoll.com.
Napoli, A., and R. Realfonzo. 2015. “Reinforced concrete beams strengthened with SRP/SRG systems: Experimental investigation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 93: 654–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.027.
Razavizadeh, A., B. Ghiassi, and D. V. Oliveira. 2014. “Bond behavior of SRG-strengthened masonry units: Testing and numerical modeling.” Constr. Build. Mater. 64: 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.070.
RILEM. 2006. State-of-the-art-report of RLEM TRC 201-TRC. Paris: RILEM.
Sneed, L., S. Verre, C. Carloni, and L. Ombres. 2016. “Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with steel-FRCM composite.” Eng. Struct. 127: 686–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.006.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 18, 2018
Accepted: Oct 12, 2018
Published online: Feb 27, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 27, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.