Quantitative Effect on Water Demand of Absorption and Fine Particles Content of Recycled Concrete Sands
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 5
Abstract
Recycled sands demand a large amount of water, affecting the consistency of mortars and concretes. For this research, recycled concrete sands were used in mortars to assess the quantitative effect of their fine particles content and absorption coefficient on water demand. Thirteen different samples of recycled concrete sands were tested, covering a wide range of behaviours. Experimental results show the dominant influence of absorption rather than fines on the consistency of mortars when the sands are used dry. Numerical relationships between these properties of the recycled sands and their water demand were established allowing to calculate the expected increase of water/cement ratio when using recycled sands of the categories included in European standards. As a final practical conclusion, recycling processes that minimize the absorption of the sands are advisable, removing attached paste as much as possible, even at the expense of increasing the fines content.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of fine aggregate. ASTM C128. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Braga, M., J. de Brito, and R. Veiga. 2012. “Incorporation of fine concrete aggregates in mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 36: 960–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.031.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2000. Methods of test for mortar for masonry. Part 3: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar (by flow table). UNE-EN 1015-3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2003. Aggregates for mortar. UNE-EN 13139. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2005. Methods of testing cement. Part 1: Determination of strength. UNE-EN 196-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2009. Aggregates for concrete. UNE-EN 12620. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2011. Cement. Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. UNE-EN 197-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2012a. Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution. Sieving method. UNE-EN 933-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2012b. Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Part 8: Assessment of fines. Sand equivalent test. UNE-EN 933-8. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2014. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption. UNE-EN 1097-6. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Corinaldesi, V. 2009. “Mechanical behaviour of masonry assemblages manufactured with recycled-aggregate mortars.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 31 (7): 505–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.05.003.
Corinaldesi, V., M. Giuggiolini, and G. Moriconi. 2002. “Use of rubble from building demolition in mortars.” Waste Manage. 22 (8): 893–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00087-9.
Corinaldesi, V., S. Monosi, and G. Moriconi. 2007. “Effect of different recycled aggregates on mortar performance.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 59–62. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Corinaldesi, V., and G. Moriconi. 2009. “Behaviour of cementitious mortars containing different kinds of recycled aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (1): 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.006.
Cuenca-Moyano, G., M. Martín-Morales, I. Valverde-Palacios, I. Valverde-Espinosa, and M. Zamorano. 2014. “Influence of pre-soaked recycled fine aggregate on the properties of masonry mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 70: 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.098.
Dapena, E., P. Alaejos, A. Lobet, and D. Pérez. 2011. “Effect of recycled sand content on characteristics of mortars and concretes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (4): 414–422. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000183.
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung). 2002. Aggregates for mortar and concrete. Part 100: Recycled aggregates. DIN 4226-100. Berlin: DIN.
Evangelista, L., and J. de Brito. 2004. “Criteria for the use of fine recycled concrete aggregates in concrete production.” In Proc., Int. RILEM Conf. on the Use of Recycled Materials in Building and Structures, 503–510. Paris: RILEM Publications.
Evangelista, L., and J. de Brito. 2007. “Mechanical behaviour of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 29 (5): 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.12.004.
Evangelista, L., and J. de Brito. 2010. “Durability performance of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 32 (1): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.09.005.
Evangelista, L., and J. de Brito. 2011. “State-of-the-art on the use of fine recycled aggregates in concrete production.” In Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Conf. on Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment, 175–183. Paris: RILEM Publications.
Fumoto, T., and M. Yamada. 2002. “Influence of quality of recycled fine aggregate on properties of concrete.” Mem. Fac. Eng. Osaka City Univ. 43: 97–103.
Kasemchairisi, R., and S. Tangtermsirikul. 2007. “A method to determine water retainability of porous fine aggregate for design and quality control of fresh concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21: 1322–1334.
Kurda, R., J. de Brito, and J. Silvestre. 2017a. “Combined influence of recycled concrete aggregates and high contents of fly ash on concrete properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 157: 554–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.128.
Kurda, R., J. de Brito, and J. Silvestre. 2017b. “Influence of recycled aggregates and high contents of fly ash on concrete properties.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 84: 198–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.009.
Kurda, R., J. de Brito, and J. Silvestre. 2018. “Indirect evaluation of the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete with high fly ash ratios.” Mag. Concr. Res. 70 (4): 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.17.00216.
Le, T., S. Rémond, S. Le, and E. García-Díaz. 2016. “Fresh behavior of mortar base don recycled sand—Influence of moisture condition.” Constr. Build. Mater. 106: 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.071.
Leite, M. 2001. “Avaliação de propriedades mecânicas de concretos produzidos com agregados reciclados de resíduos de construção e demolição.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Federal Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul.
Leite, M., P. Lima, and A. Santos. 2011. “Study of the consistency and mechanical behaviour of recycled mortars.” In Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Conf. on Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment, 223–229. Paris: RILEM Publications.
Martínez, I., M. Etxeberria, E. Pavón, and N. Díaz. 2013. “A comparative analysis of the properties of recycled and natural aggregate in masonry mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 49: 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.049.
Merlet, J., and P. Pimienta. 1994. “Mechanical and physico-chemical properties produced with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates.” In Proc., Demolition and Reuse of Concrete, 343–353. London: E & FN Spon.
Ministry of Public Works and Transport of Spain. 2008. Code on structural concrete. EHE-08. Madrid, Spain: Ministerio de Fomento, Centro de Publicaciones.
Montero, J., and S. Laserna. 2017. “Influence of effective mixing water in recycled concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 132: 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.006.
Moriconi, G., V. Corinaldesi, and R. Antonucci. 2003. “Environmentally-friendly mortars: A way to improve bond between mortar and brick.” Mater. Struct. 36 (10): 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479505.
Neno, C., J. de Brito, and R. Veiga. 2014. “Using fine recycled concrete aggregate for mortar production.” Mater. Res. 17 (1): 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392013005000164.
Rodrigues, F., L. Evangelista, and J. de Brito. 2013. “A new method to determine the density and wáter absorption of fine recycled aggregates.” Mater. Res. 16 (5): 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392013005000074.
Rueda, J., E. Dapena, P. Alaejos, and S. Menéndez de Llano. 2015. “An accelerated test to assess the quality of recycled concrete sands based on their absorption capacity.” Constr. Build. Mater. 78: 464–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.039.
Scherer, G. 1990. “Theory of drying.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (1): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05082.x.
Solyman, M. 2005. “Classification of recycled sands and their applications as fine aggregates for concrete and bituminous mixtures.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Kassel.
Urreta, J. 1986. “Estudio sobre la nocividad y corrección de los finos de las arenas calizas de machaqueo para hormigones en el País Vasco.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of the Basque Country.
Vegas, I., I. Azkarate, A. Juarrero, and M. Frías. 2009. “Design and performance of masonry mortars made with recycled concrete aggregates.” Mater. Constr. 59 (295): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2009.44207.
Yacoub, A., A. Djerbi, and T. Fen-Chong. 2018. “Water absorption in recycled sand: New experimental methods to estimate the water saturation degree and kinetic filling during mortar mixing.” Constr. Build. Mater. 158: 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.023.
Zhao, Z., S. Remond, D. Damidot, and W. Xu. 2015. “Influence of fine recycled concrete aggregates on the properties of mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 81: 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.037.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 26, 2018
Accepted: Oct 12, 2018
Published online: Feb 28, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 28, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.