Degradation of Creep Behaviors of Basalt Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Tendons in Salt Solution
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 12
Abstract
This study investigates the creep behaviors of basalt fiber–einforced polymer (BFRP) tendons as a prestressing material in salt solution. Static tensile tests and creep tests were conducted on the BFRP tendons after aging subjected to salt solution. Experimental variables included the aging temperature and aging duration. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, creep strain, and creep rupture stress of the degraded BFRP tendons are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to clarify the degradation mechanism of the creep behavior. The results show that the aging temperature and duration in salt solution have a negligible effect on the creep strain increase of BFRP. The ratio of the creep rupture stress to the original tensile strength of BFRP tendons aged in salt solution decreases considerably. However, the ratio of the creep rupture stress to the degraded tensile strength exhibits no degradation, which indicates that the impact of the sustained load is independent of the impact of the salt solution on the mechanical behaviors of BFRP tendons. The appearance of corrosion channels in BFRP tendons, which accelerate successive fiber-matrix debonding under a sustained load, is determined to be the main cause for the degradation of its creep behavior in salt solution. These results provide a reference for the determination of the long-term stress of BFRP tendons used in offshore structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0703000), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20150886), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 51508277). In addition, the authors acknowledge Jiangsu GMV Co., Ltd. for providing BFRP tendons.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2004. Prestressing concrete structures with FRP tendons. ACI 440.4R-04. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ASTM. 2008. Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water. ASTM D1141-98. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bank, L. C. 1989. “Flexural and shear moduli of full-section fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) pultruded beams.” J. Test. Eval. 17 (1): 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE11531J.
Benmokrane, B., F. Elgabbas, E. A. Ahmed, and P. Cousin. 2015. “Characterization and comparative durability study of glass/vinylester, basalt/vinylester, and basalt/epoxy FRP bars.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (6): 04015008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000564.
Chen, Y., J. F. Davalos, I. Ray, and H. Y. Kim. 2007. “Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of durability performance of FRP reinforcing bars for concrete structures.” Compos. Struct. 78 (1): 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.08.015.
Dutta, P. K., and D. Hui. 2000. “Creep rupture of a GFRP composite at elevated temperatures.” Comput. Struct. 76 (1–3): 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00176-5.
Elgabbas, F., E. Ahmed, and B. Benmokrane. 2015. “Physical and mechanical characteristics of new basalt-FRP rods for reinforcing concrete structures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 95 (5): 623–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.036.
El Refai, A. 2013. “Durability and fatigue of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer bars gripped with steel wedge anchors.” J. Compos. Constr. 17 (6): 04013006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000417.
GB (Chinese Standards). 2010. Technical code for infrastructure application of FRP composites. [In Chinese.] GB 50608. Beijing: GB.
Grace, N. F., F. C. Navarre, R. B. Nacey, W. Bonus, and L. Collavino. 2002. “Design-construction of bridge street bridge-first CFRP bridge in the United States.” PCI J. 47 (5): 20–35. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09012002.20.35.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). 1995a. Test method for creep failure of continuous fiber reinforcing materials. JSCE-E 533. Tokyo: JSCE.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers). 1995b. Test method for tensile properties of continuous fiber reinforcing materials. JSCE-E 531. Tokyo: JSCE.
Khalifa, A., W. J. Gold, A. Nanni, and A. A. Mi. 1998. “Contribution of externally bonded FRP to shear capacity of RC flexural members.” J. Compos. Constr. 2 (4): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:4(195).
Li, Z., T. Xiao, and S. Zhao. 2016. “Effects of surface treatments on mechanical properties of continuous basalt fibre cords and their Adhesion with rubber matrix.” Fibers Polym. 17 (6): 910–916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5928-7.
Miettinen, V. M., K. K. Narva, and P. K. Vallittu. 1999. “Water sorption, solubility and effect of post-curing of glass fibre reinforced polymers.” Biomaterials 20 (13): 1187–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00003-4.
Reis, E. M., and S. H. Rizkalla. 2008. “Material characteristics of 3-D FRP sandwich panels.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (6): 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.03.023.
Rizkalla, S. H., and G. Tadros. 1994. “First smart highway bridge in Canada.” Concr. Int. 16 (6): 42–44.
Saadatmanesh, H., and F. E. Tannous. 1999a. “Long-term behavior of aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFRP) tendons.” ACI Mater. J. 96 (3): 297–305.
Saadatmanesh, H., and F. E. Tannous. 1999b. “Relaxation, creep, and fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced plastic tendons.” ACI Mater. J. 96 (2): 143–153.
Shi, J., X. Wang, H. Huang, and Z. Wu. 2016. “Relaxation behavior of prestressing basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons considering anchorage slippage.” J. Compos. Mater. 51 (9): 1275–1284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998316673893.
Shi, J., X. Wang, Z. Wu, and Z. Zhu. 2015. “Creep behavior enhancement of a basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendon.” Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (5): 750–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.118.
Shi, J., X. Wang, Z. Wu, and Z. Zhu. 2017. “Fatigue behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons under a marine environment.” Constr. Build. Mater. 137 (2): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.063.
Sim, J., and C. Park. 2005. “Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures.” Composites Part B 36 (6): 504–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.02.002.
Wang, X., J. Shi, J. Liu, L. Yang, and Z. Wu. 2014a. “Creep behavior of basalt fiber reinforced polymer tendons for prestressing application.” Mater. Des. 59 (4): 558–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.009.
Wang, X., J. Shi, Z. Wu, and Z. Zhu. 2016. “Fatigue behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer tendons for prestressing applications.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (3): 04015079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000649.
Wang, X., G. Wu, Z. Wu, Z. Dong, and Q. Xie. 2014b. “Evaluation of prestressed basalt fiber and hybrid fiber reinforced polymer tendons under marine environment.” Mater. Des. 64 (6): 721–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.064.
Wolff, R., and H. J. Miessler. 1989. “New materials for prestressing and monitoring heavy structures.” Concr. Int. 11 (9): 86–89.
Wu, G., Z. Q. Dong, X. Wang, Y. Zhu, and Z. S. Wu. 2014a. “Prediction of long-term performance and durability of BFRP bars under the combined effect of sustained load and corrosive solutions.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (3): 04014058. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000517.
Wu, G., X. Wang, Z. Wu, Z. Dong, and G. Zhang. 2014b. “Durability of basalt fibers and composites in corrosive environments.” J. Compos. Mater. 49 (7): 873–887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998314526628.
Wu, Z., X. Wang, and G. Wu. 2012. “Advancement of structural safety and sustainability with basalt fiber reinforced polymers.” In Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE2012). Winnipeg, MB: International Institute for FRP in Construction.
Yamaguchi, T., T. Nishimura, and T. Uomoto. 1998. “Creep rupture of FRP rods made of aramid, carbon and glass fibers.” Struct. Eng. Constr. Tradition Present Future 2: 1331–1336.
Zoch, P., H. Kimura, T. Iwasaki, and M. Heym. 1991. Carbon fiber composite cables: A new class of prestressing members. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 12 • December 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 23, 2018
Accepted: Jun 11, 2018
Published online: Sep 25, 2018
Published in print: Dec 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Feb 25, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.